Umhlinzeki weyunithi ye-frequency converter braking ukukhumbuza ukuthi ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kwesidingo embonini yezokwakha yase-China, ukusetshenziswa kwama-cranes sekuvame kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokulawula isivinini se-frequency converter ezindleleni ezihlukene zokudlulisa ama-cranes ombhoshongo sekuneminyaka ecishe ibe yi-10 kuseChina. Nakuba okunye okuhlangenwe nakho okuphumelelayo kwezicelo kufinyelelwe, futhi izindlela eziningi zokuphakamisa i-frequency converter manje sezisebenza ngokujwayelekile ezindaweni zokwakha, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izimboni, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokulawula isivinini sokuguqula imvamisa kumakhrane ombhoshongo akukafinyeleli ezingeni elivuthiwe. Kodwa-ke, kulezi zinsuku, iziguquli zemvamisa seziphenduke into ebaluleke kakhulu kuma-cranes. Nazi izizathu eziyi-10 zokusebenzisa ukulawulwa kwesivinini esishintshashintshayo ukukhombisa ulwazi oluyisisekelo lokusebenzisa amadrayivu ahlukahlukene kuma-cranes:
(1) Lawula amandla okuqala enjini
Lapho injini iqalwa ngokuqondile ngobuningi bamandla, izokhiqiza izikhathi eziyisi-7 kuye kweziyi-8 kunamanje olinganiselwe wenjini. Leli nani lamanje lizokwandisa kakhulu ukucindezeleka kukagesi kuma-motor winding futhi likhiqize ukushisa. Ngakho-ke kunciphisa isikhathi sokuphila kwenjini, ukulawulwa kwesivinini esishintshashintshayo kungaqala ngesivinini esingu-zero kanye ne-voltage enguziro (Yebo, i-torque ingakhushulwa ngokufanele). Uma ubudlelwano phakathi kwefrikhwensi ne-voltage sebumisiwe, isiguquli sefrikhwensi singashayela umthwalo ukuze usebenze nge-V/F noma kumodi yokulawula i-vector. Ukusetshenziswa kokulawulwa kwesivinini esishintshashintshayo kunganciphisa ngokugcwele amandla okuqala futhi kuthuthukise umthamo wokumelana namawindi. Inzuzo eqondile kakhulu kubasebenzisi ukuthi izindleko zokunakekelwa kwemoto zizophinde zehliswe, futhi impilo yemoto izokhuphuka ngokufanayo.
(2) Yehlisa ukushintshashintsha kwamandla kagesi ezintanjeni zikagesi
Lapho i-motor iqalwa ngefrikhwensi yamandla, i-voltage izoshintshashintsha kakhulu ngenkathi yamanje ikhula kakhulu. Ubukhulu bokwehla kwamandla kagesi buzoncika emandleni enjini yokuqalisa kanye namandla enethiwekhi yokusabalalisa. Ukwehla kwamandla kagesi kuzobangela okokusebenza okuzwela ugesi kunethiwekhi efanayo yokuphakelwa kukagesi ukuba ingasebenzi kahle, uhambo, noma ukungasebenzi. Ukusondela noma ukusebenzisa abathintwayo kungaholela kumaphutha okusebenza. Ngemuva kokwamukela ukulawulwa kwesivinini esishintshashintshayo, amandla okuqala kancane kancane ku-zero frequency kanye ne-voltage engu-zero angaqeda ukwehla kwamandla kagesi ngezinga elikhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.
(3) Amandla aphansi adingekayo ukuqalisa
Amandla emoto alingana ngokuqondile nomkhiqizo wamanje kanye ne-voltage, ngakho-ke amandla asetshenziswa injini eqala ngokuqondile ngamafrikhwensi anamandla azoba phezulu kakhulu kunamandla adingekayo ukuze kuqalwe ifrikhwensi eguquguqukayo. Kwezinye izimo zokusebenza, isistimu yokusabalalisa amandla isifinyelele umkhawulo wayo omkhulu, futhi ukuqhuma okukhiqizwa injini yokuqalisa imvamisa yamandla aqondile kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu kwezinye izinto zokusebenza kunethiwekhi efanayo, okuholela ezixwayiso ngisho nenhlawulo evela ku-opharetha wegridi yamandla. Uma i-frequency converter isetshenziselwa isitobhi sokuqala se-motor, izinkinga ezifanayo ngeke zenzeke.
(4) Umsebenzi wokusheshisa olawulekayo
Ukulawulwa kwesivinini sefrikhwensi eguquguqukayo kungaqala ngesivinini esinguziro futhi kusheshise ngokushelela ngokuya ngezidingo zomsebenzisi, futhi ijika layo lokusheshisa lingakhethwa (ukusheshisa komugqa okumise okuka-S noma ukusheshisa okuzenzakalelayo). Uma iqala ngefrikhwensi yamandla, izodala ukudlidliza okukhulu enjinini noma ezingxenyeni zemishini ezixhunyiwe njengamashafti noma amagiya. Lokhu kudlidliza kuzoqhubeza phambili ukuguga nokuklebhuka kwemishini, kunciphise isikhathi sokuphila sezingxenye zemishini namamotho. Ukwengeza, ukuqalisa okuguquguqukayo kokuqala kungasetshenziswa futhi emigqeni yokugcwalisa efanayo ukuvimbela amabhodlela ukuthi angaphumi noma alimale.
(5) Isivinini sokusebenza esilungisekayo
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-variable frequency multi-stage speed regulation kungathuthukisa inqubo futhi kushintshe ngokushesha ngokuya ngenqubo. Izinguquko zejubane zingafinyelelwa nge-PLC noma ezinye izilawuli.
(6) Umkhawulo we-torque olungisekayo
Ngemuva kokulawulwa kwesivinini esishintshashintshayo, imikhawulo yetorque ehambelanayo ingasethwa ukuze kuvikelwe imishini emonakalweni. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqhubeka kwenqubo nokwethembeka komkhiqizo. Ubuchwepheshe bamanje bokuguqula imvamisa abuvumeli kuphela imikhawulo ye-torque eguquguqukayo kodwa futhi nokunemba okuphezulu ekulawuleni i-torque. Esimeni sefrikhwensi yamandla, injini ingalawulwa kuphela ngokuthola inani lamanje noma isivikelo esishisayo, futhi ayikwazi ukusetha amanani anembile we-torque ukuze isebenze njengokulawulwa kwefrikhwensi eguquguqukayo.
(7) Indlela yokumisa elawulwayo
Njengokusheshisa okulawulwayo, ekulawuleni isivinini esishintshashintshayo, imodi yokuma ingalawuleka futhi kunezindlela zokuma ezihlukene ongakhetha kuzo (indawo yokupaka i-deceleration, ukupaka mahhala, indawo yokupaka enciphisa amandla, i-DC braking). Ngokufanayo, kunganciphisa umthelela ezingxenyeni zemishini namamotho, okwenza lonke uhlelo luthembeke kakhudlwana futhi lwandise isikhathi salo sokuphila ngokufanele.
(8) Ukonga amandla
Ukongiwa kwamandla: Phakathi nezinqubo zokuqala, ukubhuleka, ukusheshisa, nokwehla ngesivinini esishintshashintshayo sokulawula isivinini, amandla okusebenza kwenjini aphansi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zokukhiqiza, ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kanye nezindleko zokuwulungisa zicishe zibe ngama-20% ukonga amandla ngaphezu kwemvamisa yamandla.
(9) Ukulawulwa kokusebenza okubuyisela emuva
Ukuze uzuze ukulawulwa kokusebenza okubuyisela emuva ekulawuleni isiguquli semvamisa, asikho isidingo samadivayisi okulawula abuyiseleka emuva engeziwe. Ukulandelana kwesigaba kuphela kwe-voltage yokuphumayo okudingeka kushintshwe, okunganciphisa izindleko zokulungisa futhi konge indawo yokufaka.
(10) Nciphisa izingxenye zokudlulisela ngomshini
Ngenxa yesiguquli samanje se-vector control frequency esihlanganiswe ne-synchronous motor, kungafinyelelwa ukuphuma kwe-torque ephumelelayo, ngaleyo ndlela kugcinwe izingxenye zokuhambisa ngomshini ezifana ne-gearbox, futhi ekugcineni kwakhiwe uhlelo lokuguqula imvamisa eqondile, olunganciphisa izindleko nesikhala, futhi kuthuthukise ukuzinza.
Ukulawulwa kwe-frequency converter akuthuthukisi kuphela isikhathi sokusebenza esiphephile semishini yokuphakamisa, kodwa futhi kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokunakekela kanye nokuqina komsebenzi. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokulawula isivinini se-frequency converter kuma-cranes ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha komsebenzi.