Abahlinzeki bemishini yokonga amandla bakukhumbuza ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kweziguquli zefrikhwensi kuya ngokuya kuduma, futhi umthethonqubo wejubane lokuguqula imvamisa ungasetshenziswa ezimeni eziningi zokushayela kwezimoto. Ngenxa yekhono layo lokuhlinzeka ngokulawula isivinini okunembile, ingakwazi ukulawula kalula ukusebenza kwejubane eliphezulu, eliphansi, neliguquguqukayo lokudluliswa kwemishini. Ukusetshenziswa kokuguqulwa kwemvamisa kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo (isivinini esiguquguqukayo asinciki ezingxenyeni eziwumshini), futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, singasebenza ngendlela eyonga kakhulu kunenjini yokuqala egijima njalo.
1. Lawula amandla okuqala enjini
Lapho i-motor iqalwa ngokuqondile nge-frequency yamandla, izokhiqiza izikhathi ezi-7 kuye kweziyi-8 zamanje ezilinganiselwe ze-motor, okuzokwandisa kakhulu ukucindezeleka kukagesi ku-motor winding futhi kukhiqize ukushisa, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise impilo yemoto. Ukulawulwa kwejubane lokuvama okuguquguqukayo kungaqala ngesivinini esinguziro kanye ne-voltage enguziro (noma kwenyuse itorque ngendlela efanele). Uma ubudlelwano phakathi kwefrikhwensi ne-voltage sebumisiwe, isiguquli sefrikhwensi singashayela umthwalo ukuze usebenze nge-V/F noma kumodi yokulawula i-vector. Ukusetshenziswa kokulawulwa kwesivinini esishintshashintshayo kunganciphisa kakhulu amandla okuqala futhi kuthuthukise umthamo wokuphenduka. Inzuzo eqondile kakhulu kubasebenzisi ukuthi izindleko zokunakekelwa kwemoto zizophinde zehliswe, futhi impilo yemoto izokhuphuka ngokufanayo.
2. Yehlisa ukushintshashintsha kwamandla kagesi ezintanjeni zamandla
Ngesikhathi sokuvama kwamandla okuqala kwe-motor, njengoba i-current ikhula kakhulu, i-voltage nayo iguquguquka kakhulu, futhi ubukhulu bokwehla kwe-voltage buzoncika emandleni emoto yokuqala kanye namandla enethiwekhi yokusabalalisa. Ukwehla kwamandla kagesi kuzobangela okokusebenza okuzwela i-voltage kunethiwekhi efanayo yokuphakelwa kukagesi ukuthi ingasebenzi kahle, uhambo, noma ukungasebenzi kahle, njengama-PC, izinzwa, ama-proximity switch, nezixhumi, konke okuzosebenza ngokungalungile. Ngemuva kokwamukela ukulawulwa kwesivinini esishintshashintshayo, njengoba ingaqala kancane kancane ku-zero frequency kanye ne-voltage enguziro, ingaqeda ukwehla kwamandla kagesi ngezinga elikhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.
3. Amandla aphansi adingekayo ukuqalisa
Amandla emoto alingana ngokuqondile nomkhiqizo wamanje kanye ne-voltage, ngakho-ke amandla asetshenziswa injini eqala ngokuqondile ngamafrikhwensi anamandla azoba phezulu kakhulu kunamandla adingekayo ukuze kuqalwe ifrikhwensi eguquguqukayo. Kwezinye izimo zokusebenza, isistimu yokusabalalisa amandla isifinyelele umkhawulo wayo omkhulu, futhi ukuqhuma okukhiqizwa yinjini yokuqalisa amandla aqondile kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu kwabanye abasebenzisi kunethiwekhi efanayo. Uma i-frequency converter isetshenziselwa isitobhi sokuqala se-motor, izinkinga ezifanayo ngeke zenzeke.
4 imisebenzi yokusheshisa elawulekayo
Ukulawulwa kwesivinini sefrikhwensi eguquguqukayo kungaqala ngesivinini esinguziro futhi kusheshise ngokufanayo ngokuya ngezidingo zomsebenzisi, futhi ijika layo lokusheshisa lingakhethwa (ukusheshisa komugqa, ukusheshisa okumise okuka-S, noma ukusheshisa okuzenzakalelayo). Uma iqala ngefrikhwensi yamandla, izodala ukudlidliza okukhulu enjinini noma ezingxenyeni zemishini ezixhunyiwe njengamashafti noma amagiya. Lokhu kudlidliza kuzoqhubeza phambili ukuguga nokuklebhuka kwemishini, kunciphise isikhathi sokuphila sezingxenye zemishini namamotho. Ukwengeza, ukuqalisa okuguquguqukayo kokuqala kungasetshenziswa futhi emigqeni yokugcwalisa efanayo ukuvimbela amabhodlela ukuthi angaphumi noma alimale.
5 izivinini zokusebenza ezilungisekayo
Ukusetshenziswa kokulawulwa kwesivinini esishintshashintshayo kungathuthukisa inqubo futhi kushintshe ngokushesha ngokuya ngenqubo. Ingakwazi futhi ukufeza izinguquko zejubane ngokulawula okukude kwe-PLC noma ezinye izilawuli.
6 Imikhawulo ye-Torque Eguquguqukayo
Ngemuva kokulawulwa kwesivinini esishintshashintshayo, imikhawulo yetorque ehambisanayo ingasethwa ukuze kuvikelwe imishini emonakalweni, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukuqhubeka kwenqubo nokwethembeka komkhiqizo. Ubuchwepheshe bamanje bokuguqula imvamisa abuvumeli imikhawulo ye-torque eguquguqukayo kuphela, kodwa nokunemba kokulawula i-torque ukufinyelela cishe ku-3% kuya ku-5%. Esimeni sefrikhwensi yamandla, injini ingalawulwa kuphela ngokuthola inani lamanje noma isivikelo esishisayo, futhi ayikwazi ukusetha amanani anembile we-torque ukuze isebenze njengokulawulwa kwefrikhwensi eguquguqukayo.
Izindlela zokumisa ezilawulwayo eziyi-7
Njengokusheshisa okulawulwayo, ekulawuleni isivinini esishintshashintshayo, imodi yokuma ingalawuleka futhi kunezindlela zokuma ezihlukene ongakhetha kuzo (indawo yokupaka i-deceleration, ukupaka kwamahhala, ukupaka kwe-deceleration+DC braking). Ngokufanayo, kunganciphisa umthelela ezingxenyeni zemishini namamotho, okwenza lonke uhlelo luthembeke kakhudlwana futhi lwandise isikhathi salo sokuphila ngokufanele.
8 Ukonga amandla
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-frequency converters kuma-compressor emoyeni kunganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, okuye kwaboniswa ekuhlangenwe nakho kobunjiniyela. Ngenxa yokuthi ukusetshenziswa kokugcina kwamandla kuhambisana nesivinini semoto, ukwamukela ukuguqulwa kwefrikhwensi kuholela embuyekezweni esheshayo ekutshalweni kwezimali.
9 Ukulawulwa kokusebenza okubuyisela emuva
Ekulawulweni kwesiguquli sefrikhwensi, asikho isidingo samadivayisi okulawula abuyiseleka emuva ukuze kuzuzwe ukulawulwa kokusebenza okubuyisela emuva. Ukulandelana kwesigaba kuphela kwe-voltage yokuphumayo okudingeka kushintshwe, okunganciphisa izindleko zokulungisa futhi konge indawo yokufaka.
10. Nciphisa izingxenye zokudlulisela ngomshini
Ngenxa yesiguquli semvamisa yokulawula i-vector yamanje ehlanganiswe ne-synchronous motor, ukuphuma kwe-torque okusebenzayo kungafinyelelwa, ngaleyo ndlela kugcinwe izingxenye zokuhambisa ngomshini ezifana namabhokisi egiya, ekugcineni kwakhiwe uhlelo lokudlulisa imvamisa oluqondile. Lokhu kunganciphisa izindleko nendawo, futhi kuthuthukise ukuzinza.