Abahlinzeki bemishini yempendulo yamandla yeziguquli zefrikhwensi bakukhumbuza ukuthi ngokwanda kwezinkambu zohlelo lokusebenza lwesiguquli semvamisa, izindlela zokubhuleka zeziguquli zefrikhwensi nazo sezihlukene:
1. Uhlobo oludla amandla
Le ndlela ihlanganisa ukuhambisana ne-resistor yokubhuleka kusekethe ye-DC yesiguquli sefrikhwensi, nokulawula ukuvala/ukuvala kwe-transistor yamandla ngokuthola i-voltage yebhasi ye-DC. Lapho i-voltage yebhasi ye-DC ikhuphuka ifinyelele cishe ku-700V, i-transistor yamandla iyaqhuba, idlulise amandla avuselelwe kusiphikisa futhi iwadle ngendlela yamandla ashisayo, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele ukunyuka kwe-DC voltage. Ngenxa yokungakwazi ukusebenzisa amandla avuselelwe, ayingxenye yokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Njengohlobo oludla amandla, umehluko wayo ku-DC braking ukuthi idla amandla ku-resistor yokubhuleka ngaphandle kwemoto, ukuze injini ingashisi ngokweqile futhi ingasebenza kaningi.
2. Uhlobo lokumuncwa kwebhasi e-Parallel DC
Ifanele izinhlelo eziningi zokushayela izithuthuthu (ezifana nemishini yokwelula), lapho injini ngayinye idinga isiguquli semvamisa, iziguquli zamafrikhwensi amaningi zabelana ngesiguquli eseceleni segridi, futhi wonke ama-inverter axhunywe ngokuhambisana nebhasi elivamile le-DC. Kulolu hlelo, kuvame ukuba nenjini eyodwa noma eziningana ezisebenza ngokujwayelekile esimweni sokubhuleka. Injini esesimweni sokubhuleka ihudulwa ngamanye amamotho ukuze ikhiqize amandla okuvuselela, abese emuncwa injini esesimweni sikagesi ngebhasi le-DC elihambisanayo. Uma ingakwazi ukumuncwa ngokugcwele, izosetshenziswa nge-resistor yokubhuleka okwabelwana ngayo. Amandla akhiqizwe kabusha lapha amunca kancane futhi asetshenziswa, kodwa awabuyiselwa kugridi yamandla.
3. Uhlobo lwempendulo yamandla
Isiguquli eseceleni segridi yohlobo lwempendulo yamandla siyabuyiseleka emuva. Uma amandla okuvuselela ekhiqizwa, isiguquli esibuyiseleka emuva sibuyisela amandla okuvuselela kugridi, okuvumela amandla okuvuselela ukuthi asetshenziswe ngokugcwele. Kodwa le ndlela idinga ukuzinza okuphezulu kokunikezwa kwamandla, futhi uma sekuvele ukuphela kukagesi kungazelelwe, ukuguqulwa nokugumbuqelwa kuzokwenzeka.
Ukubhuleka okuvuselelayo kungasetshenziswa kuyo yonke imishini kagesi, futhi okwamanje imishini kagesi ijikeleza kakhulu, njengamamotho kagesi. Ngakho-ke, i-regenerative braking ivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokushayela zikagesi, ezifushanisiwe njengezinhlelo zokushayela ugesi.
Inhloso ye-regenerative braking
Guqula amandla e-kinetic akhiqizwa ukuzungezisa okungenamsebenzi, okungadingekile, noma okulimazayo kwemishini kagesi ibe amandla kagesi futhi uwafake kugridi yamandla, kuyilapho ukhiqiza i-torque yokubhuleka ukuze kumiswe ngokushesha ukuzungezisa okungenamsebenzi kwemishini kagesi. Imishini kagesi iyisisetshenziswa esinezingxenye ezihambayo eziguqula amandla kagesi abe amandla emishini, avame ukwaziwa ngokuthi ukunyakaza kwe-rotary, njengenjini kagesi. Futhi le nqubo yokuguqula ivame ukufezwa ngokudlulisela nokuguqula amandla ngezinguquko kumandla wenkundla ye-electromagnetic. Ngokombono wemishini enembile, kuwushintsho kusayizi wenkundla kazibuthe. Injini kagesi iyasebenza, ikhiqiza amandla futhi yakha insimu kazibuthe. Amandla ashintshayo akhiqiza inkambu kazibuthe eshintshanayo, futhi lapho ama-winding ehlelwa nge-engeli ethile endaweni ebonakalayo, kuzokwenziwa inkambu yamagnetic ezungezayo. Ukunyakaza kuhlobene, okusho ukuthi inkambu kazibuthe isikwa i-conductor ngaphakathi kobubanzi bayo bendawo. Ngenxa yalokho, i-electromotive force eyenziwe isungulwa emikhawulweni yomibili ye-conductor, eyenza isifunda ngokusebenzisa umqhubi ngokwawo kanye nezingxenye zokuxhuma, ezikhiqiza okwamanje futhi zenze umqhubi ophethe wamanje. Lo mqhubi ophethe wamanje uzobhekana namandla endaweni kazibuthe ezungezayo, okuthi ekugcineni kube amandla okukhipha itorque yenjini. Lapho amandla enqanyulwa, injini izungeza inertia. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngokushintshwa kwesifunda, ukunikezwa kwamandla okuvusa amandla aphansi kunikezwa ku-rotor, okukhiqiza insimu kazibuthe. Inkambu kazibuthe inqamula ukujika kwe-stator ngokuzungeza okungokoqobo kwe-rotor, futhi i-stator bese ingenisa amandla e-electromotive. La mandla e-electromotive axhunywe kugridi yamandla ngedivayisi yamandla, okuyimpendulo yamandla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-rotor ibhekana nokunciphisa amandla, okubizwa ngokuthi i-braking. Iqoqo laziwa ngokuthi i-regenerative braking.
Kungaphansi kwaziphi izimo lapho kudingeka i-braking resistor?
Isimiso esijwayelekile siwukuthi uma isifunda se-DC sithambekele ekubeni ne-overvoltage ngenxa ye-braking evuselelayo, i-resistor yokubopha kufanele ifakwe ukuze kukhululwe ukushaja okweqile ku-capacitor yokuhlunga.
Emsebenzini othize, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele lezi zimo ezilandelayo lapho ulungiselela ama-braking resistors:
(1) Izimo zokuqala nokubhuleka njalo;
(2) Ezimweni lapho kudingeka ukubhuleka ngokushesha;
(3) Ezimweni lapho kukhona umthwalo wamandla ongaba khona (umthwalo wamandla ongase ube khona, "indawo" ingaqondwa njengendawo nobude), njengemishini yokuphakamisa.