Abahlinzeki bedivayisi yempendulo ye-elevator energy bakukhumbuza ukuthi amandla emishini (amandla angaba khona, amandla e-kinetic) emthwalweni onyakazayo aguqulwa abe amandla kagesi (amandla kagesi avuselelwe) ngedivayisi yempendulo yamandla futhi abuyiselwe kugridi yamandla e-AC ukuze asetshenziswe ezinye izisetshenziswa zikagesi eziseduze. Lokhu kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwegridi yamandla ngohlelo lokushayela izithuthuthu ngesikhathi seyunithi ngayinye, ngaleyo ndlela kufinyelele umgomo wokonga amandla. Izingxenye zehadiwe ezihlukahlukene zedivayisi yempendulo yamandla zakha isisekelo esibalulekile sokusebenza kwesistimu yempendulo yamandla.
1. Isifunda se-inverter yamandla
Kumjikelezo we-inverter yamandla, umsinga oqondile ogcinwe ohlangothini lwebhasi le-DC lesiguquli sefrikhwensi ye-elevator ngesikhathi sokusebenza komshini wokudonsa i-elevator esimweni sokukhiqiza amandla uguqulwa ube wamanje oshintshanayo ngokulawula ukuvula/ukuvala iswishi. Kuyisifunda esiyinhloko sohlelo lwempendulo ye-elevator energy, enezakhiwo ezihlukene ngokwezigaba ezihlukene zamasekethe e-inverter. Ngokulawula ukuvula/ukuvala iswishi, amandla e-DC agcinwe ohlangothini lwebhasi le-DC lesiguquli sefrikhwensi yekheshi ngesikhathi sokusebenza komshini wokudonsa esimweni sokukhiqiza amandla aguqulwa abe amandla e-AC. Kusekhethi, amaswishi aphezulu naphansi engalweni yebhuloho efanayo awakwazi ukuqhuba ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi isikhathi sokuqhuba nobude bento ngayinye kulawulwa ngokuya nge-algorithm yokulawula i-inverter.
2. Isekhethi yokuvumelanisa igridi
Ukulawulwa kokuvumelanisa kwesigaba kudlala indima ebalulekile ekutheni ilifti ingakwazi yini ukuphendula ngendlela esebenzayo amandla asebhasini le-DC kugridi yamandla. Isekhethi yokuvumelanisa igridi isebenzisa ukuvumelanisa kwamandla kagesi womugqa wegridi, futhi ukuze ugweme imiphumela yendawo efile ngesikhathi sokuhamba, amaswishi asebenza ngamadigri angu-120 engalweni efanayo yebhuloho. Ubudlelwano obunengqondo phakathi kwesignali yokuvumelanisa igridi kanye nesignali yokuwela uziro yegridi yamandla itholakala ngesiqhathanisi, futhi ubudlelwano phakathi kwesignali yokuvumelanisa igridi yedivayisi ngayinye yokushintsha kanye negridi yamandla kagesi itholakala ngokulingiswa kwe-Multisim. Iswishi ngayinye ine-engeli yokusebenza engu-120 degrees futhi ihlukaniswe ngama-degree angu-60 ngokulandelana. Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, amashubhu amabili kuphela wokushintsha ebhulohweni le-inverter ahambayo, aqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokuthembekile. Ukwengeza, amaswishi amabili ngamunye asebenza ebangeni eliphezulu kakhulu likagesi lomugqa wegridi yamandla, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-inverter ephezulu.
3. Isifunda sokulawula ukutholwa kwe-voltage
Ngenxa yamandla kagesi aphezulu ohlangothini lwebhasi le-DC lesiguquli sefrikhwensi ye-elevator, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqale usebenzise izithasiselo zokuhlukanisa i-voltage, bese uhlukanisa futhi unciphise i-voltage yebhasi ngezinzwa ze-Hall voltage, bese uyiguqulela isignali ye-voltage ephansi. Kumjikelezo wokulawula ukutholwa kwe-voltage, indlela yokulawula ukuqhathanisa kokulandela ngomkhondo we-hysteresis iyamukelwa, enezela impendulo enhle ngesisekelo sesiqhathanisi futhi inikeza amanani amabili okuqhathanisa komqhathanisi, okungukuthi amanani omkhawulo ongaphezulu naphansi. Kusetshenziswa amasekethe ehadiwe, ukulawula kuyashesha futhi kunembile. Isekhethi yokulawula ukutholwa kwamandla kagesi ayikwazi ukugwema kuphela ukuphakama okukhona ngokushesha kwamasiginali wokuphazamiseka esignali kagesi, okubangela ukuthi isimo sokuphumayo sesiqhathanise sinyakaze, kodwa futhi ivimbele isistimu yempendulo yamandla ukuthi iqale futhi ivaleke kaningi kakhulu.
4. Isifunda sokulawula ukutholwa kwamanje
Enqubweni yempendulo yamandla, amandla amanje kufanele ahlangabezane nezidingo zawo zamandla, futhi amandla abuyiselwe kugridi kufanele abe mkhulu noma alingane namandla amakhulu lapho umshini wokudonsa usesimweni sokukhiqiza, ngaphandle kwalokho ukwehla kwamandla kagesi ebhasini le-DC kuzoqhubeka nokukhuphuka. Uma i-voltage yegridi yamandla ingashintshi, amandla empendulo yamandla esistimu anqunywa impendulo yamanje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impendulo yamanje kufanele ikhawulelwe phakathi kwebanga elilinganiselwe ledivayisi yokushintsha amandla e-inverter. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusabela kuminyanisa phakathi kwegridi yamandla kanye ne-inverter kuvumela amaza amakhulu ukuthi adlule ngenkathi kunciphisa ivolumu ye-reactor. Ngakho-ke, i-inductance ye-reactor kufanele ibe yinani elincane lokuqinisekisa impendulo yamandla. Isivinini soshintsho lwamanje sishesha kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukusebenzisa isilawuli se-hysteresis samanje kungalawula ngempumelelo impendulo yamanje futhi kuvimbele izingozi ezidlulele.
5. Isifunda sokulawula esiyinhloko
Iyunithi yokucubungula emaphakathi yesistimu yempendulo ye-elevator amandla yisifunda esiyinhloko sokulawula, esisetshenziselwa ukulawula ukusebenza kwalo lonke uhlelo. Isifunda sokulawula esiyinhloko siqukethe i-microcontroller kanye nama-peripheral circuits, akhiqiza amagagasi e-PWM anembe kakhulu asekelwe ekulawuleni ama-algorithms; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokusekelwe kusignali yokuvumelanisa yegridi, ukulawula amaphutha kwe-IPM kuqinisekisa ukuqaliswa okuphephile nokusebenzayo kwayo yonke inqubo yempendulo yamandla.
6. Isifunda sokulawula ukuvikela okunengqondo
Isignali yokuvumelanisa yoxhumo lwegridi, amasignali okulawula amandla kagesi kanye nezamanje, isignali yephutha ye-IPM, kanye nokukhishwa kwesignali yokushayela kusukela kumjikelezo wokulawula oyinhloko konke kudinga ukudlula kumjikelezo wokulawula ukuvikela okunengqondo ukuze kusebenze okunengqondo, futhi ekugcineni kuthunyelwe kumjikelezo wokuguqula amandla ukuze kulawulwe inqubo yempendulo. Ngale ndlela, ingaqinisekisa ukuthi amandla e-AC aphuma ku-inverter avumelaniswa negridi, futhi iphinde ivimbe isignali yedrayivu uma kwenzeka kuba namaphutha e-overcurrent, overvoltage, undervoltage, kanye ne-IPM kusekethe, kumise inqubo yempendulo yamandla.