Abahlinzeki bemishini yokonga amandla e-Servo bakukhumbuza ukuthi abashayeli be-servo basetshenziselwa ukushayela ama-servo motors, angaba ama-stepper motors noma ama-AC asynchronous motors. Ngokuyinhloko zisetshenziselwa ukuzuza ukuma okusheshayo nokunembile, futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa ezimeni lapho ukunemba okuphezulu kuyadingeka ukuze kuqaliswe imisebenzi yokumisa.
Isiguquli sefrikhwensi siklanyelwe ukuguqula amandla e-AC abe awamanje alungele ukulawula isivinini semoto, ukuze kushayelwe injini. Namuhla, ezinye iziguquli zemvamisa nazo zingafinyelela ukulawula kwe-servo, okusho ukuthi zingakwazi ukushayela ama-servo motors, kodwa ama-servo drives kanye neziguquli zemvamisa zisehlukile! Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-servo ne-frequency converter? Sicela ubheke incazelo enikezwe umhleli.
Izincazelo ezimbili
Isiguquli sefrikhwensi iyithuluzi lokulawula amandla kagesi elisebenzisa umsebenzi wokucisha wamadivayisi esemiconductor yamandla ukuguqula ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi kube enye ifrikhwensi. Ingakwazi ukufeza imisebenzi efana nokuqala okuthambile, ukulawulwa kwesivinini esishintshashintshayo, ukuthuthukisa ukunemba kokusebenza, kanye nokushintsha izici zamandla zamamotho e-AC asynchronous.
Isiguquli sefrequency singashayela ama-motor frequency motors kanye namamotho ajwayelekile e-AC, ikakhulukazi asebenza njengesilawuli sejubane lemoto.
Isiguquli sefrikhwensi sivamise ukuba nezingxenye ezine: iyunithi yokulungisa kabusha, i-capacitor yomthamo omkhulu, i-inverter, nesilawuli.
Isistimu ye-servo iwuhlelo lokulawula oluzenzakalelayo oluvumela okuguquguqukayo okulawulwayo okuphumayo okufana nendawo, umumo, nesimo sento ukulandela noma yiziphi izinguquko kuthagethi yokufaka (noma inani elinikeziwe). Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukukhulisa, ukuguqula, nokulawula amandla ngokuya ngezidingo zomyalo wokulawula, okwenza itorque, isivinini, kanye nokulawulwa kwendawo okukhipha idivayisi yokushayela kube nezimo kakhulu futhi kube lula.
I-servo system iyisistimu yokulawula impendulo esetshenziselwa ukulandela ngokunembile noma ukukhiqiza kabusha inqubo. Eyaziwa nangokuthi isistimu yokulandelela. Ezimweni eziningi, isistimu ye-servo ibhekisela ngokukhethekile ohlelweni lokulawula impendulo lapho okuguquguqukayo okulawulwayo (okukhipha uhlelo) kuwukuthutha ngomshini, isivinini sokuhamba, noma ukusheshisa. Umsebenzi wayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphuma komshini (noma i-engeli yokuzungezisa) ilandelela ngokunembile ukususwa okokufaka (noma i-engeli yokuzungezisa). Ukwakheka kwesakhiwo sezinhlelo ze-servo akuhlukile kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokulawula impendulo.
Amasistimu e-Servo angahlukaniswa abe ama-electromechanical servo systems, hydraulic servo systems, kanye ne-pneumatic servo systems ngokusho kohlobo lwezingxenye zokushayela ezisetshenzisiwe. Isistimu ye-servo eyisisekelo kakhulu ihlanganisa ama-servo actuators (amamotho, amasilinda amanzi), izingxenye zempendulo, nezishayeli ze-servo. Uma ufuna uhlelo lwe-servo lusebenze ngokushelela, udinga futhi indlela yezinga eliphezulu, i-PLC, Namakhadi akhethekile okulawula ukunyakaza, amakhompyutha okulawula izimboni+amakhadi e-PCI, ukuze uthumele imiyalelo kumadrayivu e-servo.
Isimiso sokusebenza kokubili
Isimiso sokulawula isivinini sesiguquli semvamisa sinqunyelwe ikakhulukazi izici ezine: isivinini n semoto engavumelaniyo, imvamisa f yemoto engavumelaniyo, izinga lokushelela kwemoto s, kanye nenani lezigxobo p zenjini. Isivinini n silingana nefrikhwensi f, futhi ukushintsha imvamisa f kungashintsha isivinini semoto. Uma i-frequency f ihluka phakathi kwebanga lika-0-50Hz, ububanzi bokulungiswa kwesivinini semoto bukhulu kakhulu. Ukulawulwa kwejubane lokuvama okuguquguqukayo kufinyelelwa ngokushintsha imvamisa yokunikezwa kwamandla emoto ukulungisa isivinini. Indlela eyinhloko esetshenziswayo i-AC-DC-AC, eqala ngokuguqulela imvamisa yamandla kagesi e-AC ibe ugesi we-DC ngokusebenzisa isilungisisi, bese iguqula ugesi we-DC uwenze ugesi we-AC onefrikhwensi elawulekayo kanye nogesi ukuze unikeze injini. Isekhethi yesiguquli sefrikhwensi ngokuvamile iqukethe izingxenye ezine: ukulungiswa, isixhumanisi se-DC esimaphakathi, i-inverter, nokulawula. Ingxenye yokulungiswa iyisilungisi esingalawulwa sesigaba sesithathu sebhuloho, ingxenye ye-inverter iyisiguquli sebhuloho esinezigaba ezintathu se-IGBT, futhi okukhiphayo kuyi-waveform ye-PWM. Isixhumanisi esimaphakathi se-DC sihlanganisa ukuhlunga, isitoreji samandla e-DC, kanye namandla asebenzayo okubhafa.
Umgomo wokusebenza wesistimu ye-servo umane usekelwe ekulawulweni kwe-loop evulekile yenjini ye-AC/DC, lapho amasiginali wejubane nendawo abuyiselwa khona kumshayeli ngezishumeki ezijikelezayo, ama-rotary transformer, njll. ngokulawulwa kwe-PID yempendulo engemihle evaliwe. Ukwengeza, nge-loop yamanje evaliwe ngaphakathi komshayeli, ukunemba kanye nezici zempendulo zesikhathi zokukhishwa kwemoto kulandela inani elimisiwe kuthuthukiswa kakhulu ngalezi zinguquko ezintathu ezivaliwe. Uhlelo lwe-servo luwuhlelo lwabalandeli oluguqukayo, futhi ibhalansi yesimo esiqinile ezuziwe nayo iyibhalansi eguquguqukayo.
Umehluko phakathi kwakho kokubili
Ubuchwepheshe be-AC servo ngokwayo budonsa futhi busebenzise ubuchwepheshe bokuguqula imvamisa. Ngokusekelwe ekulawulweni kwe-servo kwamamotho e-DC, ilingisa indlela yokulawula yama-motor e-DC ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-PWM yokuguqula imvamisa. Ngamanye amazwi, ama-AC servo motors kumele abe nenqubo yokuguqula imvamisa: ukuguqulwa kwemvamisa kuwukulungisa kuqala amandla e-AC angu-50 noma angu-60Hz kumandla e-DC, bese iwaguqulela ku-waveform eguquguqukayo imvamisa efana ne-sine ne-cosine pulse kagesi ngama-transistors ahlukahlukene alawulekayo (IGBT, IGCT, njll.) ngokusebenzisa imvamisa yokulungisa yenkampani yenethiwekhi ne-PWM. Ngenxa yemvamisa eguquguqukayo, ijubane lama-AC motors lingalungiswa (n = 60f/p, n isivinini, f frequency, p pole pair).
1. Amandla ahlukene wokulayisha ngokweqile
Amadrayivu e-Servo ngokuvamile anomthamo wokulayishwa okuphindwe ka-3, ongasetshenziswa ukunqoba umzuzu we-inertial wemithwalo engasebenzi ngesikhathi sokuqala, kuyilapho iziguquli zefrikhwensi ngokuvamile zivumela ukulayishwa okuphindwe ka-1.5.
2. Lawula ukunemba
Ukunemba kokulawula kwezinhlelo ze-servo kuphakeme kakhulu kuneziguquli zemvamisa, futhi ukunemba kokulawula kwama-servo motors kuvame ukuqinisekiswa isishumeki esijikelezayo esingemuva komugqa wemoto. Amanye amasistimu we-servo aze abe nokunemba kokulawula okungu-1:1000.
3. Izimo ezihlukene zohlelo lokusebenza
Ukulawulwa kwefrikhwensi eguquguqukayo nokulawulwa kwe-servo yizigaba ezimbili zokulawula. Owokuqala ungowomkhakha wokulawula ukudlulisa, kanti owakamuva ungowomkhakha wokulawula ukunyakaza. Enye iwukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezicelo ezijwayelekile zezimboni ezinezinkomba zokusebenza eziphansi, ukuphishekela izindleko eziphansi. Okunye ukuphishekela ukunemba okuphezulu, ukusebenza okuphezulu, nokusabela okuphezulu.
4. Ukusheshisa okuhlukile nokusebenza kokunciphisa
Ngaphansi kwezimo zokungalayishi, i-servo motor ingacubungula isuka endaweni emile iye ku-2000r/min ngesikhathi esingekho ngaphezu kwama-20ms. Isikhathi sokusheshisa se-motor sihlobene ne-inertia ye-motor shaft kanye nomthwalo. Ngokuvamile, lapho inertia inkulu, isikhathi sokusheshisa siba side.
Ukuncintisana kwemakethe phakathi kwe-servo ne-frequency converter
Ngenxa yomehluko ekusebenzeni nasekusebenzeni phakathi kweziguquli zemvamisa nama-servos, izinhlelo zabo zokusebenza azifani kakhulu, futhi umncintiswano omkhulu ugxile kulokhu:
1. Ukuncintisana kokuqukethwe kwezobuchwepheshe
Emkhakheni ofanayo, uma umthengi enezidingo zobuchwepheshe eziphakeme neziyinkimbinkimbi zemishini, bazokhetha amasistimu we-servo. Uma kungenjalo, imikhiqizo yokuguqula imvamisa izokhethwa. Imishini yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njengamathuluzi omshini we-CNC kanye nemishini ekhethekile kagesi izokhetha imikhiqizo ye-servo.
2. Ukuncintisana kwamanani
Abathengi abaningi bakhathazekile ngezindleko futhi bavame ukungabunaki ubuchwepheshe bevuna ama-inverter anenani eliphansi. Njengoba kwaziwa, intengo yezinhlelo ze-servo iphindwe izikhathi eziningana kunemikhiqizo yokuguqula imvamisa.
Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ze-servo kungakasabalali, ikakhulukazi izinhlelo ze-servo zasekhaya, azivamile ukusetshenziswa ezimeni uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo ye-servo yangaphandle. Kodwa ngokusheshisa kwezezimboni, abantu bazoqaphela kancane kancane izinzuzo zezinhlelo ze-servo, futhi izinhlelo ze-servo nazo zizoqashelwa ngabathengi. Ngokufanayo, ubuchwepheshe be-servo basekhaya ngeke buyeke ukuqhubekela phambili, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi busekelwe embuyekezweni enenzuzo enkulu noma umuzwa womsebenzi womlando wokuvuselela izwe. Sikholelwa ukuthi abakhiqizi abaningi bazotshala imali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlelo ze-servo. Ngaleso sikhathi, izongenisa isikhathi esiphezulu “sembonini ye-servo” yaseChina.