Abahlinzeki bemishini yempendulo yamandla yeziguquli zemvamisa bakukhumbuza ukuthi embonini yesimanje, izinjini ziwuhlobo lwemishini yamandla edla amandla amaningi enezinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza. Ngokwezibalo, umthamo ofakiwe waseShayina ungama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-400, kanti ukusetshenziswa kukagesi ngonyaka okungaba ngama-kilowatt ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-600, okubalelwa ku-70-80% wokusetshenziswa kukagesi wezimboni. I-China ithembele kakhulu kumamotho amancane naphakathi nendawo, elinganiselwa ku-80%, kuyilapho inani likagesi elisetshenziswa amamotho amancane naphakathi lithatha u-90% wokulahlekelwa okuphelele. Ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo kwama-motor e-China, kunegebe elibalulekile uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe angaphandle, ngokusebenza kahle kweyunithi ye-75%, okuyi-10% ephansi kunamazwe angaphandle; Ukusebenza kahle kohlelo kungama-30-40%, okungama-20-30% aphansi kunezinga eliphakeme lamazwe ngamazwe. Ngakho-ke, amamotho amancane naphakathi nendawo e-China anamandla amakhulu okonga amandla, futhi ukukhuthaza ukongiwa kwamandla ezimoto kubalulekile.
Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esilula, ukukhiqiza okulula, intengo ephansi, ukuqina, ukusebenza okuthembekile, nokufaneleka kwezindawo ezinokhahlo, ama-asynchronous motors asetshenziswe kabanzi ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni nezolimo. Ikakhulukazi ukuhudulwa kwamaphampu nabalandeli ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene, umsebenzi wokonga amandla wama-motor wokudonsa amaphampu nabalandeli ubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukiswa okuphezulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bamandla kagesi, ubuchwepheshe be-microelectronics, nobuchwepheshe bokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, umphumela wokonga amandla weziguquli zefrikhwensi usubaluleke kakhulu. Ayikwazi ukufeza ukulawulwa kwesivinini esingenasinyathelo kuphela, kodwa futhi isebenze ngokuphumelelayo ngaphansi kwemithwalo ehlukene, enezici ezinhle eziguquguqukayo, futhi ingafinyelela ukusebenza okuphezulu, ukwethembeka okuphezulu, nokulawula okuzenzakalelayo okunembayo okuphezulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokulawula isivinini ezifana nokulawula isivinini sokunciphisa amandla kagesi, ukulawulwa kwesivinini sokushintsha kwesigxobo, ukulawulwa kwesivinini sokushelela, ukulawulwa kwesivinini se-AC cascade, njll., ukulawulwa kwesivinini esishintshashintshayo kunokusebenza okuzinzile, ububanzi bokulawula isivinini, nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwethiyori yokulawula yesimanje kanye nobuchwepheshe bamandla kagesi, ubuchwepheshe bokulawula isivinini esishintshashintshayo se-AC buya ngokuya busebenza kahle futhi sebuphenduke umkhuba wokulawula isivinini se-AC motor. Imishini yokulawula isivinini esishintshashintshayo (VFDs) isetshenziswe kabanzi emkhakheni wezimboni.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-frequency converters ekudluliseni isignali yokulawula isivinini kuyashesha, uhlelo lokulawula lunokubambezeleka kwesikhathi esincane, impendulo ibucayi, ukunemba kokulawula kwesistimu yokulungisa kuphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kulula, futhi kulungele ukuthuthukisa umkhiqizo wokukhiqiza, ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi, nokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwama-frequency converters kuwumkhiqizo odumile wokonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni namabhizinisi ezimayini.
Idivaysi yokonga amandla yemoto eguquguqukayo iyisizukulwane esisha esishintshayo somkhiqizo wokulawula othize wemoto. Ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe bokulawula idijithali be-microprocessor, ilungisa ngamandla amandla kagesi kanye nezamanje kubunjiniyela bokusebenza kwezimoto ngesofthiwe yayo eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ezinikele yokulawula ukonga amandla. Ngaphandle kokushintsha isivinini se-motor, iqinisekisa ukuthi i-torque ephumayo ye-motor ifanelana nesidingo somthwalo ngokunembile, igwema ngempumelelo ukuchithwa kwamandla kagesi okubangelwa ukuphuma ngokweqile kwemoto.
Amamotho e-AC njengamanje angamamotho asetshenziswa kakhulu, abalelwa ku-85% wazo zonke izinhlobo zamamotho. Zinezinzuzo zesakhiwo esilula, izindleko eziphansi, futhi akukho sondlo esidingekayo. Kodwa-ke, ubuthakathaka babo ubunzima bokulawulwa kwejubane, okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwabo ezinhlelweni eziningi noma kudinga izindlela zemishini ukuze kuzuzwe ukulawulwa kwejubane.
Kunezinhlelo ezimbili ezijwayelekile zokuguqula imvamisa ngokwezinhlobo zomthwalo: 1. Ukusebenzisa njalo kwetorque; 2. Isicelo se-torque esiguquguqukayo. Ngokwezinjongo zokufaka isicelo, izinhloso eziyinhloko yilezi: 1. Ukuthuthukisa inqubo, ukuqinisekisa isivinini sokujikeleza phakathi nenqubo, isivinini sokujikeleza ngaphansi kwemithwalo ehlukene, nokubeka okunembile. Ngokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu kokulawula isivinini, ingathuthukisa ukukhiqiza, ithuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ithuthukise ukunethezeka, ilinganisele imishini, ivumelane noma ithuthukise indawo ezungezile, njll. 2. Injongo eyinhloko yokuguqulwa okonga amandla ukuzuza imiphumela ebalulekile ngokulawula isivinini sabalandeli namaphampu adinga ukulawulwa kokugeleza noma ukucindezela.
Umgomo wokulawulwa kwesivinini esishintshashintshayo
Imithwalo yezimoto enjengamafeni, amaphampu amanzi, ama-compressor komoya, amaphampu kawoyela asebenza ngogesi, namaphampu okuhambisa amanzi kubala ingxenye enkulu yezinto ezisetshenziswa amandla ezisetshenziswa emabhizinisini. Ngenxa yemikhawulo yezobuchwepheshe, cishe zonke izinhlelo zokugeleza, ingcindezi, noma ivolumu yomoya yemithwalo enjalo amasistimu alawulwa ngamavalvu, lapho injini ishayelwa khona ngesivinini esilinganiselwe futhi uhlelo luhlinzeka ngokugeleza okuqhubekayo, ukucindezela, noma ivolumu yomoya. Lapho izimfuneko zokusebenza kwesisetshenziswa zishintsha, ukugeleza komthwalo, ingcindezi, noma ivolumu yomoya kulungiswa ukuchichima, amavalvu okusiza, noma izilawuli ezilinganayo ezitholakala ekugcineni kwesitolo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezishintshayo zezimo zokusebenza zempahla. Ngemva kokuchichima kwevalvu echichimayo noma i-proportional control valve, kuzokhishwa inani elikhulu lamandla, futhi la mandla ahlakazekile empeleni ayingxenye yamandla amuncwa injini evela kugridi yamandla, okubangela ukumoshakala okukhulu kwamandla kagesi. Kusukela ezicini zokusebenza zalolu hlobo lomthwalo, kungabonakala ukuthi amandla emoto alingana ne-cube yejubane, futhi isivinini silingana nemvamisa. Uma sishintsha indlela yokusebenza yenjini ukuze ingasebenzi njalo ngesilinganiso sokusebenza esilinganiselwe, kodwa esikhundleni salokho sisebenzisa isistimu yokulawula imvamisa eguquguqukayo yokulawula ukuqala kokumisa nokusebenza kokulungiswa, ijubane layo lingashintshwa ngokuqhubekayo phakathi kwebanga elingu-0 ~ 2900r/min, okungukuthi, izinga lokugeleza kokuphumayo, ingcindezi noma ivolumu yomoya nakho kungashintshwa ngokuqhubekayo phakathi kwebanga lika-0 ~ 100 ukuze kufezeke umgomo onembile wamandla nokufeza umgomo onembile. ukongiwa kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa.
Isivinini se-AC motor simi kanje: n=60f (1-s)/p
Kufomula: n=isivinini semoto
F=imvamisa yamandla
P=inani lezigxobo zenjini
S=izinga lokushelela
Njengoba kungabonwa esibalweni, isivinini sokuvumelanisa n senjini ye-AC silingana ngokuqondile nefrikhwensi yamandla f. Ngakho-ke, ukushintsha imvamisa yamandla kungashintsha isivinini semoto futhi kufinyelele inhloso yokulawula isivinini.
Isimiso sokulawulwa kwesivinini esishintshashintshayo sokonga amandla
Ukulawulwa kwesivinini esishintshashintshayo konga ugesi, njengoba negama liphakamisa, ukulawulwa kwesivinini esishintshashintshayo kuphela okonga ugesi. Ngezansi ukuhlaziya izimiso zokonga amandla ezinsizeni ezimbili ezijwayelekile zokulayisha.
(1) Izinhlelo zokusebenza zokulayisha itorque njalo
Umthwalo we-torque oqhubekayo usho ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinguquko zejubane, i-torque yomthwalo ihlala ingashintshi.
Ifomula elandelayo: P=K *T *N
K=i-coefficient
P=amandla weshaft
T=ithoshi yokulayisha
N=isivinini sokujikeleza
Kusukela kufomula engenhla, kungabonakala ukuthi amandla e-shaft alingana ngokuqondile nesivinini semoto. Lapho ijubane lemoto lilungiswa ngenxa yezidingo zenqubo, ingxenye ehambisanayo yokonga amandla ingafinyelelwa ngokwemvelo.
(2) Izinhlelo zokusebenza eziguquguqukayo zokulayisha i-torque
Abalandeli be-Centrifugal namaphampu angokwemithwalo ye-torque evamile, futhi izici zabo zokusebenza yilezi: eziningi zazo zisebenza ngokuqhubekayo isikhathi eside. Njengoba i-torque yokulayisha ilingana nesikwele sejubane, uma ijubane selidlule isivinini esilinganiselwe, izobangela ukugcwala okukhulu kwenjini. Ngakho-ke, amafeni namaphampu ngokuvamile awasebenzi ngale kwefrikhwensi elinganiselwe.