Masu samar da na'urorin ceton makamashi na elevator suna tunatar da ku cewa, tare da bunkasar tattalin arziki, bukatun makamashi na karuwa, kuma karancin makamashi ya zama daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke hana ci gaban fannoni daban-daban. A matsayin na'ura mai mahimmanci da inganci na sufuri a cikin manyan gine-gine, a hankali na'urorin hawan hawa sun zama na'ura na biyu mafi girma na makamashi a cikin manyan gine-gine, na biyu kawai ga na'urar kwantar da wutar lantarki kuma mafi girma fiye da hasken wuta, samar da ruwa, da sauran amfani da wutar lantarki. Yawan makamashin da ake amfani da shi na aikin lif ya kai kashi 20 zuwa 50% na yawan makamashin da ginin ke amfani da shi, kuma ba za a iya yin la'akari da batun amfani da makamashin ba.
Yawan makamashin da ake amfani da shi na aikin elevator ya ƙunshi sassa biyu, ɗaya shine makamashin na'urar da ke jan motar lif da lodi; Daya bangaren shi ne makamashi amfani da lif tsarin da kansa, yafi yawan makamashi amfani da na'ura na kofa, elevator kula da tsarin, lantarki kula da lantarki tsarin, elevator lighting tsarin da samun iska, da ingancin makamashi amfani da inji watsa tsarin, mota da kuma jagora dogo motsi biyu. Bincike ya nuna cewa makamashin lantarki da na'urar jan hankali ke cinyewa ya kai sama da kashi 70% na yawan wutar lantarkin da ake amfani da su. Amfani da fasahar ceton makamashi da ta dace don maganin ceton makamashi na masu hawan hawa wani yanayi ne da babu makawa a cikin ci gaban masana'antar lif.
Tsarin Ci gaba da Matsayin Bincike na Fasahar ceton Makamashi na Elevator
Aiwatar da na'urorin hawan hawa ya karawa mutane bukatar makamashi sosai, don haka tun daga abin da aka kirkira har zuwa yadda ake amfani da shi a yau, abubuwan da ake bukata na fasahar ceton makamashi sun kasance suna gudana ta hanyarsa, galibi suna bayyana ta bangarori uku:
(1) Ajiye makamashi na fasahar tuƙi na injin lif
Akwai nau'ikan fasahar tuki na lif guda biyar, gami da AC asynchronous motor tare da watsa gearbox, AC asynchronous motor ba tare da watsa gearbox ba, injin asynchronous magnet na dindindin tare da watsa akwatin gear, injin maganadisu na dindindin tare da watsa akwatin gear, da injin maganadisu na dindindin ba tare da watsa gearbox ba. Injin jan hankali na PM a halin yanzu shine ingantacciyar hanyar watsawa ta ci gaba, tare da fa'idodi gami da injin maganadisu na dindindin na atomatik, babu buƙatar ƙara akwatin mai mai mai, babban ƙarfin wuta da ingantaccen aiki. Sakamakon rashin asara yayin aiwatar da watsawa, injinan kaya suna adana kusan kuzari 30% idan aka kwatanta da injinan AC asynchronous. Babban fasalinsa shi ne cewa ita ce kawai injin maganadisu na dindindin wanda zai iya kashe hatsarori da ke haifar da rauni ga fasinjoji saboda lif da ke rasa iko da zamewa yayin aiki, kuma ya sami yabo daga masana'antu da masu amfani.
(2) Tsarin kula da elevator ceton makamashi
The development process of elevator drive control technology has started from AC asynchronous motor pole changing speed regulation to AC voltage regulation speed regulation; Moving on to variable voltage and variable frequency speed regulation. The commonly recognized best driving method is to use a combination of variable frequency and variable voltage speed regulation to control the permanent magnet synchronous traction machine. By changing the input frequency and voltage of the elevator motor, the elevator speed regulation process can be achieved. The frequency and voltage ratio are controlled by a frequency converter to maintain a fixed ratio, which can smoothly adjust the speed. Compared with the previous two speed control systems, VVVF has the advantages of high efficiency, smooth speed regulation, and energy saving of over 30%. Moreover, it has the characteristics of good performance, small size, high efficiency, and comfortable ride, making it an ideal and popular speed control device.
(3) Energy saving of energy feedback system
The current energy-saving method for elevators is to feed back the electrical energy generated by the traction machine during power generation to the power grid. The current method for handling the electrical energy generated by traction machines during power generation is to connect energy consuming resistors and convert this electrical energy into heat energy to release it, in order to avoid overvoltage faults in elevators. This method not only causes energy waste, but also has adverse effects on the surrounding environment, increases the burden on the cooling system of the machine room, and has adverse effects on the entire elevator system.
The function of the energy feedback system is to convert the electrical energy on the DC bus into AC power of the same phase and frequency as the grid through an inverter, and feed it back to the grid in the high voltage range of the grid voltage.
At present, 25% to 35% of the total electricity consumption of elevators is consumed by braking resistors. Based on an energy inversion efficiency of about 85%, the energy-saving efficiency of elevator energy feedback devices is estimated to be in the range of 21% to 30%. This interval increases significantly as the elevator floor and speed increase. The elevator energy feedback grid connected system has achieved the function of "creating" energy from traditional energy saving, opening up the history of elevator energy saving.
Energy saving principle of elevator energy feedback device
Zaɓin ceton makamashi don masu ɗagawa shine ƙa'idar saurin mitar mai canzawa. Bayan farawa, lif zai nuna mafi girman makamashin inji yayin aiki cikin sauri. Bayan isa wurin da aka nufa, elevator yana raguwa kuma a hankali ya tsaya. A cikin tsari na gaba, lif na iya sakin makamashin injina da lodi. Mahimmin hanyar mayar da martanin mitar mitar shine cewa mai sauya mitar zai iya adana makamashin lantarki da ke akwai a gefen DC sannan kuma ya ciyar da shi zuwa grid ɗin wutar AC. A wannan yanayin, resistor na birki ba zai ƙara cin makamashin lantarki ba. Na'urar amsa mitar mai canzawa zata iya kawar da amfani da makamashi da dabara kuma ya mayar da shi gaba daya zuwa grid wuta. Daga wannan, ana iya ganin cewa amsawar jujjuyawar mitar ta haɗu da alamomin ceton makamashi kuma yana haɓaka aikin haɓaka gabaɗaya.