Le fournisseur du dispositif de récupération d'énergie pour ascenseurs rappelle que la charge d'un ascenseur est composée de la cabine et du contrepoids. L'équilibre entre la cabine et le contrepoids n'est atteint que lorsque sa capacité de charge est de 50 %. Dans le cas contraire, une différence de masse subsiste entre la cabine et le contrepoids, générant de l'énergie potentielle mécanique lors du fonctionnement de l'ascenseur. Lorsque le poids de la cabine est inférieur à celui du contrepoids, la machine de traction produit de l'électricité à la montée et consomme de l'énergie à la descente ; inversement, la montée entraîne une consommation d'énergie et la descente une production. Lors de la descente à pleine charge et de la montée à faible charge, l'énergie mécanique générée est convertie en énergie électrique continue par la machine de traction et un convertisseur de fréquence. Le dispositif de récupération d'énergie réinjecte ensuite cette énergie dans le réseau électrique pour alimenter les équipements électriques, contribuant ainsi aux économies d'électricité. On peut également résumer ce processus comme la conversion d'énergie mécanique en énergie électrique par une machine de traction tirant une charge.
Les avantages sociaux et économiques des dispositifs de rétroaction d'énergie des ascenseurs
Tout d'abord, cet ascenseur contribue à la protection de l'environnement. Le système de récupération d'énergie réinjecte l'énergie de freinage régénératif produite lors de son fonctionnement dans le réseau électrique grâce à un dispositif spécifique, tout en garantissant une forme d'onde sinusoïdale à la source. Seule cette condition assure la compatibilité électromagnétique. De plus, ces ascenseurs, équipés de machines de traction sans engrenages et sans entretien à haut rendement, ne nécessitent aucun ajout d'huile, ce qui est bénéfique pour l'environnement. Ainsi, ils permettent non seulement de réaliser des économies d'énergie, mais aussi de préserver l'environnement.
Secondly, it can achieve the goals of energy conservation, consumption reduction, and resource conservation. With the continuous development of the economy, the number of elevators in use is increasing, which has also made elevators one of the largest "users" in terms of electricity consumption. In order to achieve the goal of saving energy, many units have already applied energy feedback technology to elevators, which can save a high amount of electricity every year. The application of this energy-saving elevator is in line with the requirements of building a conservation oriented design, bringing great positive effects to energy conservation and consumption reduction in China, and achieving a win-win situation of economic and social benefits.
In addition, it can reduce investment and save development costs to a certain extent. In energy feedback elevators, the use of efficient gearless energy-saving hosts can greatly reduce the power of the elevator main motor. In the domestic elevator industry, many units have not given high attention to energy-saving issues during elevator operation, and there has been a lack of relevant regulations to restrict the energy consumption level of elevators. This has led to an increasing electricity consumption of elevators, which cannot achieve energy-saving effects. In recent years, China has experienced sustained electricity shortages nationwide, and energy issues have posed a great threat to the country's economic development. Due to various reasons, energy conservation has become the top priority for the development of today's society. Therefore, energy feedback energy-saving elevators have been promoted and applied, and their application prospects are relatively broad. Against the backdrop of conservation, they have gradually formed a resource-saving industrial structure and consumption structure, laying a solid foundation for building a resource-saving society with Chinese characteristics.
The working principle of energy feedback in elevator frequency conversion system
To apply energy feedback technology in elevators, there must first be available mechanical energy and other energy that can be utilized, and then the energy must be utilized. Therefore, we analyze its working principle from two aspects: application premise and working principle.
2.1 Preconditions for the Application of Energy Feedback Technology in Elevator Frequency Conversion Systems
To apply energy feedback technology, it is necessary to first clarify the existence of usable energy in its operating system, which is a basic condition for utilizing energy feedback technology. Therefore, we analyze the elevator from the perspective of operating characteristics. During the operation of the elevator, when it reaches the maximum operating speed, the system has the highest mechanical energy during operation. This maximum mechanical energy will be gradually released during the process from reaching the stop floor until it stops. In this process, there is available energy, which becomes a prerequisite for the application of energy feedback technology in elevator frequency conversion systems.
2.2 Working principle of energy feedback technology in elevator frequency conversion system
Due to the vertical motion characteristics of elevators, there must be varying potential energy. The elevator system will use counterweight balance blocks to solve this problem. However, usually only when the load capacity of the elevator car reaches about 50%, will the car and counterweight be balanced. At this time, the mass difference between the two is minimized, and the amount of electricity generated and consumed during their movement is minimized. The load of the elevator car is usually not fixed. After using energy feedback technology, when the load is small, the elevator can generate electricity through the traction machine when going up, and consume the stored electricity when going down; When the load is large, the upstream consumes electricity and the downstream generates electricity. In this process, the mechanical energy generated by the elevator's upward movement can be converted into direct current through the traction machine combined with a frequency converter. Through the use of an energy feedback unit, this part of the electrical energy can be fed back to the local electrical network of the elevator system. At this time, all electrical equipment in the network can use the generated electrical energy, saving the system's electricity consumption. The traction machine here is equivalent to an electric motor. When the elevator system is in operation, the traction machine performs work on the load, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. Otherwise, it consumes electrical energy to complete its load movement.
Advantages of Energy Feedback in Elevator Applications
3.1 Energy saving application of energy feedback technology in elevator frequency conversion system
Through energy feedback technology, the elevator frequency conversion system changes the action of the electric motor through a frequency converter, converting the mechanical kinetic energy of the elevator during load release into electrical energy and storing it in the capacitor of the DC link of the frequency converter. In the process of storing and discharging capacitors, non energy feedback inverters can effectively solve the heat dissipation problem caused by the conversion of mechanical energy into thermal energy through braking units and high-power resistors. By utilizing the stored electricity in capacitors, the heat generation can be greatly reduced, eliminating the need for fans and air conditioning installed for heat dissipation in the machine room. The non consumption reuse of stored electricity can well reflect the energy-saving effect of energy feedback technology in elevator frequency conversion systems.
3.2 Energy saving capacity of elevators with energy feedback devices
After analysis, calculation, and actual measurement, it can be known that the amount of electricity saved is related to factors such as the number of elevator runs, load capacity, operating height, and overall efficiency of the elevator. Generally speaking, elevators with high frequency of use, fast rated speed, large rated load capacity, and high lifting height have more significant energy-saving effects. If the situation is the opposite, its energy-saving effect is not significant.
Application of energy feedback in elevator frequency conversion system
4.1 Elevators are suitable for installing energy feedback devices
Electricity resources are one of the power and energy sources heavily relied upon in modern production and life. However, due to the current concept of energy conservation and emission reduction, there should also be certain planning and control for the rational use of electricity. During the continuous up and down movement of an elevator, energy is frequently utilized and converted. When the elevator is moving up and down at its fastest speed, its mechanical energy is at its maximum. When it stops moving, slowly begins to move up and down, or slowly stops moving up and down, the mechanical energy is smaller than when it is moving up and down at its fastest speed. The less energy is only dissipated through thermal energy. Moreover, elevators are frequently used, and this energy gradually accumulates, forming a large part of the energy. It is necessary to take a series of measures to make reasonable use of this energy, convert it into other capabilities for production and daily use, and play an energy-saving role. This is the premise for elevators to be suitable for installing energy feedback devices.
Face à la raréfaction croissante des ressources non renouvelables, la réduction de la consommation d'énergie superflue dans les processus de production et l'amélioration de l'efficacité énergétique sont des garanties essentielles du développement durable et s'inscrivent pleinement dans la stratégie énergétique chinoise. Le convertisseur de fréquence à rétroaction d'énergie permet de réduire efficacement la puissance réactive du moteur en rotation directe et de réinjecter l'énergie excédentaire dans le réseau en rotation inverse. Dans le contexte du développement technologique futur des ascenseurs, le marché a un besoin urgent de produits à la fois économiques, fiables, durables et à faibles coûts d'exploitation. Les ascenseurs à rétroaction d'énergie sont promis à un bel avenir et doivent être largement adoptés. Il est donc crucial que les acteurs concernés poursuivent leurs recherches sur les convertisseurs de fréquence à rétroaction d'énergie, en favorisent l'application et contribuent à l'amélioration du rendement énergétique global.