Masu samar da na'urorin amsa makamashi don masu sauya mitar suna tunatar da ku cewa a cikin tsarin sarrafa mitar na gargajiya wanda ya ƙunshi na'urori masu juyawa gabaɗaya, injinan asynchronous, da na'urorin injina, lokacin da yuwuwar nauyin da injin ke ɗauka ya ragu, motar na iya kasancewa cikin yanayin birki mai sabuntawa; Ko kuma lokacin da motar ke raguwa daga babban gudu zuwa ƙananan gudu (ciki har da filin ajiye motoci), mitar na iya raguwa ba zato ba tsammani, amma saboda inertia na injin, yana iya kasancewa a cikin yanayin samar da wutar lantarki. Ƙarfin injin da aka adana a cikin tsarin watsawa ana canza shi zuwa makamashin lantarki ta hanyar motar kuma a mayar da shi zuwa da'irar DC na inverter ta hanyar diodes masu motsi guda shida na inverter. A wannan lokacin, inverter yana cikin yanayin gyarawa. A wannan lokaci, idan ba a dauki matakan cinye makamashi a cikin mitar mai canzawa ba, wannan makamashi zai sa wutar lantarki ta capacitor na ajiyar makamashi a cikin tsaka-tsakin kewayawa ya tashi. Idan birki ya yi sauri sosai ko kuma nauyin injin ya kasance mai ɗagawa, wannan makamashi na iya haifar da lahani ga mai sauya mitar, don haka ya kamata mu yi la'akari da yadda ake amfani da wannan makamashin.
Gabaɗaya masu jujjuya mitar, akwai hanyoyi guda biyu da ake amfani da su don ɗaukar makamashi mai sabuntawa: (1) watsar da shi zuwa cikin “braking resistor” da aka saita ta wucin gadi tare da capacitor a cikin da’irar DC, wanda ake kira da ƙarfin birki; (2) Idan an mayar da ita zuwa grid ɗin wutar lantarki, ana kiranta yanayin birki na martani (wanda kuma aka sani da yanayin birki mai sabuntawa). Akwai wata hanyar birki, wato DC birki, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi a yanayin da ake buƙatar ingantaccen filin ajiye motoci ko lokacin da motar birki ke juyawa ba bisa ƙa'ida ba saboda abubuwan waje kafin farawa.
Tare da haɓaka fasahar jujjuya mita, ƙira da aikace-aikacen birki mai jujjuya mita, musamman sabon hanyar birki na "makamashi amsa birki", suna da fa'idodin "birkin martani" da ingantaccen aiki, da kuma fa'idodin "ƙarashin amfani da makamashi", wanda ba shi da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen wutar lantarki da ingantaccen aminci.
Amfani da makamashin birki
Hanyar yin amfani da birki na birki da aka saita a cikin da'irar DC don ɗaukar makamashin wutar lantarki mai sabuntawa na motar ana kiransa birki mai amfani da makamashi, wanda ke da fa'idar ginawa mai sauƙi; Babu gurɓatawa ga grid ɗin wutar lantarki (idan aka kwatanta da sarrafa martani), ƙarancin farashi; Rashin lahani shine ƙarancin aikin aiki, musamman lokacin birki akai-akai, wanda zai cinye babban adadin kuzari kuma yana ƙara ƙarfin juzu'in birki.
Gabaɗaya, a gabaɗaya masu jujjuya mitar mitoci, masu juyawa masu ƙaramin ƙarfi (ƙasa da 22kW) suna sanye da na'urar birki da aka gina a ciki, wanda kawai ke buƙatar resistor na waje. Babban masu sauya wutar lantarki (sama da 22kW) suna buƙatar raka'a na birki na waje da masu birki.
Birkin martani
Don cimma nasarar mayar da martani na makamashi, ana buƙatar yanayi kamar sarrafa wutar lantarki a mitoci iri ɗaya da lokaci, sarrafa martani na yanzu, da sauransu. Yana ɗaukar fasahar inverter mai aiki don juyar da wutar lantarki da aka sabunta zuwa ƙarfin AC na mitoci da lokaci iri ɗaya da grid ɗin wuta da mayar da shi zuwa grid, ta yadda za a samu birki. Amfanin birki na amsawa shine cewa amsawar makamashin lantarki yana inganta ingantaccen tsarin. Lalacewarsa shine: (1) wannan hanyar birki ta amsa za'a iya amfani da ita kawai a ƙarƙashin tsayayyen wutar lantarki wanda ba shi da lahani ga kurakurai (sauyin wutar lantarki bai wuce 10%) ba. Domin a lokacin da ake aiki da birki na samar da wutar lantarki, idan lokacin rashin wutar lantarki na grid ɗin ya fi 2ms, gazawar motsi na iya faruwa kuma abubuwan haɗin zasu iya lalacewa. (2) Yayin amsawa, akwai gurɓataccen yanayi ga grid ɗin wutar lantarki. (3) Kulawa yana da rikitarwa kuma farashin yana da yawa.
Sabuwar hanyar birki (birki mai karɓuwa)
Fasahar amsawar makamashi tana amfani da IGBT azaman gada mai gyarawa, kuma tsarin aikin IGBT zai iya cimma kwararar kuzarin bidirectional, yayin amfani da guntuwar DSP mai sauri don samar da bugun jini na PWM. A gefe guda, yana iya juyar da ƙarfin lantarki da aka adana a cikin capacitor zuwa grid ɗin wutar lantarki; A gefe guda kuma, ana iya daidaita yanayin shigar da wutar lantarki don kawar da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen yanayi zuwa grid ɗin wutar lantarki,
A lokacin amfani da wutar lantarki, DSP na sashin kula da gyaran gyare-gyare yana haifar da 6 high-frequency PWM pulses don sarrafa sarrafawa da yanke na 6 IGBT a gefen gyarawa. Gudanarwa da yankewa na IGBT suna aiki tare da reactors don samar da sine na halin yanzu waveform wanda ya yi daidai da lokacin ƙarfin shigar da wutar lantarki, don haka kawar da jituwa da aka samar ta hanyar gada mai gyara da kuma kawar da gurɓatawar jituwa ga grid na wutar lantarki.
Lokacin da ke cikin yanayin samar da wutar lantarki, ana dawo da makamashi zuwa bas ɗin DC ta hanyar diode a gefen inverter, kuma yayin da yake taruwa, ƙarfin lantarki akan bas ɗin DC shima yana ƙaruwa. Lokacin da ya zarce ƙayyadaddun ƙima, ɓangaren amsawar kuzarin da ke gefen gyara zai fara, yana juyar da ikon DC zuwa ikon AC. Bayan daidaita lokaci da amplitude, ana watsa shi zuwa ga grid ɗin wutar AC don cimma tasirin ceton kuzari.