Masu ba da kayan tallafi na mitar mitar suna tunatar da ku cewa a cikin tsarin kula da mitar na gargajiya wanda ya ƙunshi masu canza mitar mitoci na duniya, injinan asynchronous da lodin injina, lokacin da aka sauke nauyin makamashin bit ɗin da motar ke motsa, motar na iya kasancewa a cikin yanayin haɓakar wutar lantarki; Ko kuma lokacin da motar ke raguwa daga babban gudu zuwa ƙananan gudu (ciki har da tsayawa), mitar na iya raguwa, amma saboda inertia na injin, motar na iya kasancewa cikin yanayin samar da wutar lantarki, kuma makamashin injin da aka adana a cikin tsarin watsawa yana canza zuwa wutar lantarki ta hanyar lantarki, wanda aka mayar da shi zuwa da'irar DC na inverter ta hanyar diodes shida masu ci gaba na inverter.
Gabaɗaya masu jujjuya mitoci, akwai hanyoyin sarrafa makamashi mai sabuntawa guda biyu da aka fi amfani da su:
(1) "Juriya birki" a layi daya tare da capacitor wanda aka saita ta wucin gadi a cikin da'irar DC, wanda ake kira yanayin birki mai ƙarfi;
(2), mayar da shi zuwa grid, ana kiranta yanayin birki na amsawa (wanda kuma aka sani da yanayin sake fasalin birki). Hakanan akwai hanyar birki, wato DC birki, ana iya amfani da ita a cikin yanayin da ake buƙatar ingantaccen wurin ajiye motoci ko jujjuya birki na babur kafin farawa saboda dalilai na waje.
A cikin littattafai da wallafe-wallafe, masana da yawa sun yi magana game da ƙira da aikace-aikacen birki na inverter, musamman kwanan nan an sami labarai da yawa game da "birking martanin kuzari". A yau, marubucin yana ba da sabon nau'in hanyar birki, wanda ke da fa'idodin aiki na huɗu huɗu na "birkin martani", ingantaccen aiki mai ƙarfi, kuma yana da fa'idodin "ƙarashin amfani da makamashi" don grid ba tare da gurɓatacce ba, babban aminci.
Birki na Makamashi
Yin amfani da juriyar birki da aka saita a cikin da'irar DC don ɗaukar makamashin lantarki mai sabuntawa na motar ana kiransa birki mai amfani da makamashi.
Amfaninsa shine gini mai sauƙi; Babu gurɓatawa ga grid (idan aka kwatanta da martani), ƙananan farashi; Lalacewar ƙarancin aiki ne, musamman lokacin da akai-akai birki zai cinye makamashi mai yawa kuma ƙarfin juriyar birki zai ƙaru.
Gabaɗaya, a cikin juzu'in mitar mitar, ƙaramin mitar wutar lantarki (ƙasa da 22kW) yana da ginin birki, kawai yana buƙatar ƙara juriya. Babban mai sauya wutar lantarki (sama da 22kW) yana buƙatar naúrar birki ta waje, juriyar birki.
Birki na martani
Don cimma nasarar mayar da martanin makamashi na buƙatar ƙarfin lantarki da mita da sarrafa lokaci, sarrafa martani na yanzu da sauran yanayi. Yin amfani da fasahar juzu'i mai aiki, don juyar da wutar lantarki mai sabuntawa zuwa grid tare da mitar guda ɗaya da ƙarfin AC na baya zuwa grid, don haka samun birki.
Amfanin birki na amsawa shine cewa yana iya tafiyar da hudu quadrants, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 3, amsawar makamashin lantarki yana inganta ingantaccen tsarin. Lalacewarsa shine:
(1), kawai a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi wanda ba shi da sauƙin faɗuwa (sauyin ƙarfin grid bai fi 10%) ba, ana iya amfani da wannan hanyar birki ta martani. Domin lokacin da birki na samar da wutar lantarki ke gudana, lokacin gazawar grid ya fi 2ms, yana iya faruwa gazawar canjin lokaci, lalata na'urar.
(2) A cikin ra'ayoyin, akwai gurɓatawar jituwa ga grid.
(3) Sarrafawa mai rikitarwa, tsada mai tsada.
Sabon nau'in birki (birking mai ƙarfi)
Babban ka'idar kewayawa
Sashin gyarawa yana amfani da gada na gama gari wanda ba a iya sarrafa shi don gyarawa, da'irar tacewa tana amfani da ma'aunin wutar lantarki na gama gari, da'irar jinkiri tana amfani da lamba ko siliki mai sarrafawa. The caji, feedback routing ikon module IGBT, caji, feedback resistor L da kuma babban electrolytic capacitor C (ikon kusan sifili maki, za a iya ƙaddara bisa ga tsarin aiki inda mitar yana samuwa). Bangaren inverter ya ƙunshi tsarin wutar lantarki IGBT. Da'irar kariyar ta ƙunshi IGBT, resistor.
(1) Matsayin samar da wutar lantarkin lantarki
CPU real-lokaci saka idanu na shigar da wutar lantarki AC da DC kewaye irin ƙarfin lantarki νd, yanke shawarar ko za a aika da siginar caji zuwa VT1, da zarar νd ya fi girma fiye da shigar da wutar lantarki AC daidai da darajar ƙarfin lantarki na DC (misali 380VAC-530VDC) zuwa wani ƙima, CPU yana rufe VT3, ta hanyar bugun bugun jini na VT1 don cimma ƙarfin wutar lantarki. L ya kasu kashi na electrolytic capacitor C, don haka tabbatar da cewa wutar lantarki ta C tana aiki a cikin kewayon aminci.
(2) Matsayin aiki na injin lantarki
Lokacin da CPU ya gano cewa tsarin ba ya cajin, yana gudanar da bugun jini na VT3, ta yadda layin da ke kan resistor L ya zama mummunan ƙarfin hagu da dama na gaggawa (kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin gunkin), tare da ƙarfin lantarki akan capacitor C na iya cimma tsarin amsawar makamashi daga capacitor zuwa kewayen DC. CPU yana sarrafa mitar sauyawa na VT3 da rabon sarari ta hanyar gano ƙarfin lantarki da ƙarfin lantarki na DC akan ƙarfin lantarki na C, don haka sarrafa ra'ayin halin yanzu don tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin lantarki na kewaye na DC νd bai bayyana da yawa ba.
Matsalolin tsarin
(1) Zaɓin resistor
(a) Mun yi la'akari da peculiarities na yanayin aiki, zaton cewa tsarin yana da wani irin gazawar, kai ga free hanzari na load na bit kunshe a cikin mota, a lokacin da motor ne a cikin wani hali na samar da wutar lantarki aiki.
Ana mayar da makamashi mai sabuntawa zuwa da'irar DC ta hanyar diodes guda shida masu ci gaba da gudana, yana haifar da νd ya tashi, da sauri yana mai sauya mitar a yanayin caji, a lokacin na yanzu zai zama babba. Don haka diamita na waya da aka zaɓa ya kamata ya zama babban isa ya wuce na yanzu a wannan lokacin.
(b), a cikin mayar da martani madauki, domin ya sa da electrolytic capacitor kafin na gaba cajin don saki a matsayin mai yawa lantarki makamashi kamar yadda zai yiwu, da zabi na talakawa baƙin ƙarfe core (silicon karfe farantin) ba zai iya cimma manufar, shi ne mafi kyau a zabi da baƙin ƙarfe core sanya daga ferrous oxide abu, sa'an nan kuma duba a sama la'akari da halin yanzu darajar ne don haka manyan, za ka iya ganin yadda babban baƙin ƙarfe core, za ka iya ganin yadda babban irin wannan baƙin ƙarfe core core. ko da akwai, tabbas farashinsa ba zai yi ƙasa sosai ba.
Don haka, ina ba da shawarar cewa caji da da'irar amsawa kowanne yana amfani da resistor lantarki.
(2) Matsalolin sarrafawa
(a) A cikin da'irar DC na mai sauya mitar, ƙarfin lantarki νd gabaɗaya ya fi 500VDC, kuma ƙarfin juriya na ƙarfin lantarki na C shine kawai 400VDC. Ana iya ganin cewa sarrafa wannan tsarin caji baya kama hanyar sarrafa birki na makamashi (birkin juriya). Wutar lantarki ta wucin gadi a kan resistor an rage zuwa, ƙarfin caji na wucin gadi na wutar lantarki na electrolytic capacitor C shine νc = νd-νL, don tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin lantarki na lantarki yana aiki a cikin kewayon aminci (≤400V), yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa yadda ya kamata a sarrafa juzu'in νL akan resistor, kuma a cikin adadin ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya dogara da adadin ƙarfin lantarki nan take. halin yanzu.
(b) A cikin tsarin mayar da martani, makamashin lantarki da aka saki ta electrolytic capacitor C dole ne a hana shi haifar da matsanancin ƙarfin lantarki na DC ta hanyar resistor, ta yadda tsarin ya bayyana kariya ta wuce gona da iri.
Babban Aikace-aikace da Misalai na Aikace-aikace
Saboda fa'idodin wannan sabon nau'in birki (braking mai ƙarfi) na mai sauya mitar, kwanan nan, yawancin masu amfani sun ba da shawarar ba da wannan tsarin tare da halayen kayan aikin su. Saboda wahalar fasaha, ba a san ko akwai irin wannan hanyar birki a ƙasashen waje ba. A halin yanzu, kawai Shandong Fengguan Electronics Co., Ltd. ya canza zuwa wannan sabon nau'i na ma'adinai lif jerin capacitive feedback birki daga mitar Converter cewa yi amfani da feedback birki a baya (har yanzu akwai 2 a cikin al'ada aiki), ya zuwa yanzu, wannan capacitive feedback birki mitar Converter ya dade yana aiki kullum na dogon lokaci a Shandong Ningyang Tsaro Coal Minean.
Tare da fadada fannin aikace-aikacen sauya mitar, wannan fasahar aikace-aikacen za ta kasance mai ban sha'awa, musamman, ana amfani da ita a cikin kejin rataye na ma'adinan (manned ko loading), babbar motar ma'adinan rijiyar (Silinda daya ko biyu), injinan ɗagawa da sauran masana'antu. A takaice, ana iya amfani da buƙatun na'urorin ra'ayoyin makamashi.