Umphakeli wedivayisi yempendulo ye-inverter energy ukukhumbuza ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwemoto kagesi eshayela umthwalo kubala ngaphezu kuka-70% wengqikithi yamandla asetshenziswayo. Ngakho-ke, ukongiwa kwamandla enjini kagesi kanye nomthwalo ewushayelayo kunokubaluleka okubaluleke kakhulu kwezenhlalo kanye nezinzuzo zezomnotho.
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-motor kagesi kanye nemithwalo yawo yokulondoloza amandla: enye iwukuba ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwemoto noma umthwalo, njengokufaka i-elevator "nobuchopho bememori" - esakhiweni, ama-elevator amaningi avame ukuhamba ngendlela efanayo, edla ugesi omningi. Indlela yokwenza amakheshi ahlakaniphe futhi ayonga amandla? Ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokulawula kungathiwa buyixazulule le nkinga. "Ama-neurons okwenziwa" afana nokucubungula ulwazi kanye namabhange enkumbulo, aqopha ukusebenza kwamakheshi isonto ngalinye njengenkathi yesikhathi. Ngokusho kolwazi olurekhodiwe, "i-neuron yokufakelwa" izokhiqiza imodi yokusebenza eyonga kakhulu amandla, ilawule amakheshi amaningi esakhiweni, ibenze babe nokuhlukaniswa okucacile kwabasebenzi, ifike endaweni efanele ngesikhathi esifanele, yenze lula abagibeli ukuthi bangene futhi baphume, futhi inciphise inani lekheshi eliqala futhi ligijima. Kumakheshi eqembu, ukonga amandla kungafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-30%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyathelo zokonga amandla okuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezimoto zikagesi zihlanganisa ukuvala okuzenzakalelayo kokukhanyisa kwekheshi lapho kungekho muntu ogibelayo, ukuma okuzenzakalelayo noma ukusebenza ngesivinini esiphansi kwezitebhisi ezizihambelayo, njll; Okwesibili ukuguqula amandla e-mechanical aguqulwa yi-motor ekulayisheni emuva kumandla kagesi bese uyithumela emuva kugridi yamandla, ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla enjini nokulayisha ngesikhathi seyunithi, ngaleyo ndlela kufinyelele umgomo wokulondoloza amandla. Impendulo yamandla iyithuluzi elijwayelekile lokonga ugesi esigabeni sesibili.
Njengoba kwaziwa, amamotho kagesi anamandla e-kinetic lapho eshayela imithwalo ukuze ajikeleze. Uma izinjini zikagesi zidonsa imithwalo eya phezulu naphansi (njengamakheshi, ama-cranes, amasango e-reservoir, njll.), anamandla angaba namandla. Lapho i-motor kagesi ishayela umthwalo ukuze unciphise, amandla ayo e-kinetic mechanical azokhululwa; Lapho amandla anamandla anamandla ehla ekunyakazeni (amandla okungenzeka ayancipha), amandla awo asetshenziswayo nawo azokhululwa. Uma lezi zingxenye ezimbili zamandla emishini zingaguqulelwa ngempumelelo zibe amandla kagesi futhi zibuyiselwe kugridi yamandla e-AC, umgomo wokongiwa kwamandla ungafinyelelwa.
Ukuhlaziya okonga amandla kwamakheshi
Ikheshi elisebenzisa ukulawulwa kwesivinini sokuguqulwa kwemvamisa inamandla amakhulu e-kinetic emishini ngemva kokufinyelela isivinini esikhulu sokusebenza. Ngaphambi kokufika endaweni okuhloswe kuyo, ilifti idinga ukuthi ihambe kancane kancane ize iyeke ukuhamba. Le nqubo inkathi lapho umthwalo wekheshi ukhulula amandla e-kinetic emishini. Isiguquli sefrikhwensi singaguqula amandla kagesi ngalesi sikhathi sibe amandla kagesi ngemoto kagesi futhi siwagcine ku-capacitor enkulu yesixhumanisi se-DC yesiguquli sefrikhwensi. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-capacitor enkulu ifana nedamu elincane elinomthamo olinganiselwe wokugcina. Uma amanzi afakwe echibini elincane engakhishwa ngesikhathi esifanele, izingozi ezichichimayo zingase zenzeke endaweni yokugcina amanzi. Ngokufanayo, uma amandla ku-capacitor engakhishwa ngesikhathi esifanele, i-overvoltage ingase yenzeke. Njengamanje, indlela yokukhulisa ama-capacitor kuma-converter ama-frequency ukusebenzisa amayunithi okubhuleka noma ama-resistors angaphandle anamandla aphezulu, okumosha ugesi kuma-capacitor amakhulu kuya kuma-resistors aphezulu angaphandle. Ama-inverters angabuyisela ugesi ogciniwe kuma-capacitor amakhulu kugridi yamandla ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa, ngaleyo ndlela afeze umgomo wokonga amandla futhi aqede isidingo sokuphikiswa kwamandla aphezulu adla ugesi futhi akhiqize ukushisa, athuthukise kakhulu indawo yokusebenza yesistimu.
I-elevator isengumthwalo ongase ube khona, futhi ukuze udonse umthwalo ngokulinganayo, umthwalo we-elevator wakhiwe izimoto zabagibeli kanye namabhulokhi ebhalansi e-counterweight. Kuphela uma umthamo womthwalo wemoto yekheshi usucishe ube ngu-50% (njengekheshi elingu-1000kg elinabagibeli abangaba ngu-7), ibhalansi ye-counterweight yemoto yekheshi isesimweni esiyisisekelo sesisindo phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili. Uma kungenjalo, kuzoba nomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwemoto yekheshi kanye nebhulokhi yebhalansi ye-counterweight, ezokhiqiza amandla anamandla emishini ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwekheshi. Lapho izingxenye ezisindayo zekheshi zikhuphuka, amandla angaba khona amuncwa injini kagesi futhi aguqulwa asuka kugridi yamandla ayakhula. Lapho izingxenye ezisindayo zekheshi zihamba phansi, amandla angaba khona emishini ayancipha, futhi amandla angakhona ancishisiwe ayakhululwa futhi aguqulelwe abe amandla kagesi agcinwe ku-capacitor enkulu yesixhumanisi se-DC sesiguquli sefrikhwensi ngenjini kagesi. Idivayisi yempendulo yamandla ibe isithumela le ngxenye yamandla kagesi emuva kugridi yamandla.
Ukuhlaziya, ukubala, nokuhlolwa kwe-prototype kubonisa ukuthi lapho isivinini sekheshi sishesha, ukuphakama kwephansi, kanye nokwehla kokusetshenziswa kokuzungezisa, amandla engeziwe angabuyiselwa kugridi yamandla. Inani likagesi elibuyiswayo lingafinyelela cishe ku-50% wengqikithi yokusetshenziswa kwekheshi, okusho ukuthi ukonga amandla kuphezulu cishe ku-50%.
Ukuhlaziywa okungenhla kukhombisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yempendulo yamandla kunomphumela obalulekile wokonga amandla kumishini ehambayo ekhuphukayo naphansi efana namakheshi namakhreni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuphinde kube nomthelela obalulekile wokonga amandla kumishini efana nezitimela zikagesi namapulani e-gantry avame ukuqala nokubhreka.
Isakhiwo nezimiso zokulawula eziyisisekelo zemishini yokonga amandla
Isakhiwo esiyinhloko sesifunda sedivayisi yempendulo yamandla siboniswa kuMfanekiso 1, ikakhulukazi owakhiwe ibhuloho eligcwele le-IGBT lezigaba ezintathu (I-Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor), i-inductance yochungechunge, i-filter capacitor, namanye ama-peripheral circuits.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwamadivayisi Empendulo Yamandla Ekulondolozeni Amandla Esikheshi
Umfanekiso 1: Idivayisi ye-PFE Energy Feedback Device Main Circuit Structure kanye Nomdwebo Wendlela Yokuxhuma
Itheminali yayo yokuphuma ixhunywe kumatheminali okufaka u-R, S, no-T wesiguquli sefrikhwensi yekheshi; Kunama-diode amabili okuhlukanisa i-VD1 ne-VD2 axhunywe ochungechungeni ekugcineni kokufaka, abese exhunywa kulayini we-PN wesiguquli sefrikhwensi. Lapho ilifti ikhiqiza ugesi ngokuvuselelwa kabusha, i-voltage yebhasi yesiguquli semvamisa ye-lifti iyanda, futhi ngemva kokudlula ku-VD1 ne-VD2, i-voltage yebhasi yedivayisi yempendulo nayo iyanda. Lapho i-voltage yebhasi ingaphezu kwenani elimisiwe lokuvula, idivayisi yempendulo iqala ukusebenza futhi ibuyisele amandla kagesi ohlangothini lwegridi.
Umsebenzi wedivayisi yempendulo yamandla ungachazwa kusetshenziswa uMfanekiso 2. Isekethe yokulawula (ngaphakathi kwebhokisi elidayishiwe) iqukethe i-single-chip microcomputer ehlelekayo ye-logic chip kanye nesampula yesignali ye-peripheral, ehlanganiswe ne-software engasebenzi kakhulu, eyenza isifunda sokulawula sikwazi ukuhlonza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukulandelana kwesigaba, isigaba, i-voltage, kanye ne-oda lamanje elisheshayo le-AC-Power Intelligent (In thethree power-IPM) ilawula igridi yamandla amathathu, i-IP. Imojula) ukuze isebenze kusimo se-PWM, iqinisekisa ukuthi amandla e-DC angabuyiselwa ngokushesha kugridi yamandla e-AC.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwamadivayisi Empendulo Yamandla Ekulondolozeni Amandla Esikheshi
Umfanekiso 2 Umdwebo webhulokhi esebenzayo yedivayisi yempendulo yamandla
Okwamanje kunemikhiqizo yedivayisi yempendulo yamandla etholakalayo, enezici ezilandelayo:
① Ukushintsha izinto zokushisisa ezifana nezinsimbi zamabhuleki, ukususa imithombo yokushisa, ukuthuthukisa indawo yegumbi lomshini, ukwehlisa imiphumela emibi yamazinga okushisa aphezulu ezintweni ezifana nezinjini namasistimu okulawula, nokwelula impilo yesevisi yamakheshi;
② Ingakwazi ukuqeda ngokushesha amandla wepompo, ithuthukise ngempumelelo ukusebenza kwe-elevator braking, futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kokunethezeka kwekheshi;
③ Ngokusebenzisa isu lokulawula isigaba, ukuphazamiseka kwe-harmonic kwesiguquli semvamisa ukushayela ikheshi kugridi yamandla kungacindezelwa ngempumelelo, kuhlanzwe igridi yamandla;
④ I-waveform ye-voltage ephumayo yinhle, isici samandla siphezulu, akukho mjikelezo ojikelezayo, futhi i-voltage yayo ifana ne-grid voltage;
⑤ Ukuba nezinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuhlukanisa ugesi ezingeke ziphazamise ezinye izinto zikagesi noma ziphazanyiswe izici zangaphandle;
⑥ Umkhiqizo unezinga eliphezulu lobuhlakani, ukusebenza okuzinzile, ukuphepha nokuthembeka, kanye nokuvikela amaphutha okuhlukahlukene nemisebenzi ye-alamu kuqediwe;
⑦ Uma nje ukukhetha kulungile, izintambo zilungile, futhi asikho isidingo sokulungisa iphutha, zingasetshenziswa;
⑧ Umkhiqizo unesakhiwo esilula, usayizi ohlangene, nokufaka nokulungisa kalula.