Masu samar da ra'ayoyin makamashi suna tunatar da ku cewa tarihin aikace-aikacen masu sauya mitoci a China ya wuce shekaru 30. Tare da ci gaba da ci gaban fasaha, iyakokin aikace-aikacen masu sauya mitoci su ma sun fara haɗar fage da yawa, kuma girman kasuwa yana faɗaɗa kowace shekara. A halin yanzu, akwai sama da nau'ikan masu sauya mitoci sama da 140 na cikin gida da na waje, kuma sabbin masana'antun masu sauya mitar mitoci suma suna yaduwa a cikin kasar. Ko da yake har yanzu akwai wani gibi ta fuskar aiki tsakanin na'urori masu sauya mitoci na gida da waje, tare da saurin bunkasuwar kimiyya da fasaha a kasar Sin, wannan gibin ba zai yuwu ba. A lokaci guda kuma, samun fa'ida daga amincin sarkar masana'antu na cikin gida, akwai babban yuwuwar samar da inganci da farashin masana'anta na masu sauya mitar gida.
Tsarin tuƙi mai canzawa ya ƙunshi na'ura mai canzawa, wanda ya cimma ko ya wuce aikin tsarin sarrafa saurin DC. Mai jujjuya mitar yana da fa'idodi na ƙananan girman, ƙaramar amo, ƙarancin farashi, da sauƙin kula da injinan asynchronous, yana sauƙaƙe tsarin samarwa da rage farashin saka hannun jari na farko. Gabaɗaya magana, ingantaccen amfani da masu sauya mitar na iya haɓaka yawan aiki, ingancin samfur, da sarrafa kayan aiki, tare da adana makamashi da rage farashin samarwa.
1, Rarraba, aiki manufa da kuma tsarin da low-ƙarfin wutar lantarki converters
1. Rarraba ƙananan masu juyawa na mitar wutar lantarki
Akwai ma'auni daban-daban don rarraba masu sauya mitar. Za'a iya raba maɓallan mitoci masu canzawa zuwa maƙallan mitar gaba ɗaya da na'urorin mitar na musamman. Bisa ka'idar aiki, ana iya raba masu sauya mitar mitar zuwa AC-AC da masu sauya mitar AC-DC-AC, daga cikinsu kuma ana iya raba masu sauya mitar AC-DC-AC zuwa nau'in na yanzu da nau'in wutar lantarki gwargwadon yanayin aiki na babban kewaye. Bugu da ƙari, daga hangen nesa na ci gaban jagorancin fasahar sauya mitar, ana iya raba shi zuwa masu canza mitar mitar VVVF, masu canza mitar mitar vector, masu jujjuya mitar mitar kai tsaye, da sauransu.
2. Low ƙarfin lantarki aiki manufa mitar Converter
Gabaɗaya magana, masu juyawa mitar suna ɗaukar yanayin aiki na tsaka-tsaki kai tsaye. Dangantakar da, ana amfani da masu juyawa masu ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki saboda balagaggen fasaharsu, ƙarancin farashi, da sauƙin kulawa. Ka'idar aiki na mai sauya mitar ita ce kawai don canza wutar AC zuwa kayan aikin mitar lantarki daidaitacce. Dangane da dabarar saurin aiki tare N = 60f/p don injin AC (inda N shine saurin motsi na injin, f shine mitar wutar lantarki, kuma p shine adadin sandunan injin), ana iya canza saurin motar AC ta canza mitar. Ana haɓaka mai sauya mitar akan wannan ka'ida.
3. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai sauyawa tsarin
Babban abun da ke kewaye na mai sauya mitar:
Nau'in wutar lantarki: Ana jujjuya wutar lantarki daga DC zuwa mai sauya mitar AC, kuma matattarar kewayawa capacitor ne.
Nau'in na yanzu: Samar da wutar lantarki na yanzu yana canzawa daga DC zuwa mai sauya mitar AC, kuma tacewar kewayawa shine inductor.
Mai sauya mitar ya ƙunshi sassa huɗu masu zuwa:
(1) Rectifiers: A halin yanzu, masu canza diode ana amfani da su sosai, waɗanda ke iya juyar da mitar wutar lantarki zuwa wutar DC kuma suna iya ƙirƙirar masu juyawa. Domin alkiblarsa mai jujjuyawa ce, tana iya sake farfadowa da aiki.
(2) Lantarki mai ɗorewa: Wutar wutar lantarki ta DC da aka gyara ta wurin gyarawa tana da ƙarfin juzu'i, wanda ya ninka mitar wutar lantarki sau 6. Don murkushe juzu'an wutar lantarki, ana buƙatar capacitors da inductor don ɗaukar ƙarfin bugun jini (watau halin yanzu). Lokacin da ƙarfin na'urar ya ƙanƙanta, idan akwai ƙarfin da ya wuce kima, ana iya amfani da kewaye mai laushi kai tsaye.
(3) Mai jujjuyawa: Mai jujjuyawar yana canza ikon DC zuwa ikon AC, ta haka ne ke samun fitarwa na matakai uku a cikin ƙayyadadden lokaci.
(4) Sarrafa da'irar: Samar da da'irar sarrafa sigina don babban da'irar wutar lantarki asynchronous. Ciki har da da'irar aikin mitar wutar lantarki, babban kewaye na yanzu da na'urar gano wutar lantarki, da'irar gano saurin mota, da'irar tuƙi mai aiki wanda zai iya haɓaka siginar sarrafawa, injin da keɓaɓɓiyar kariya ta inverter.
2. Zaɓin Nau'in Inverter Low Voltage
1. Bayyani na Zaɓin Nau'in Nau'in Canjin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarfin Wuta
A halin yanzu, yawancin masu amfani suna zaɓar bisa ga umarnin ko jagorar zaɓi wanda masana'anta inverter suka bayar. Gabaɗaya, ƙera mai sauya mitar yana ba da ƙimar ƙimar mitar na yanzu, wanda zai iya dacewa da ƙimar ƙarfin da ƙarfin injin. Ma'auni na injinan da ake da su duk masana'anta ne suka samar da su bisa ga masana'anta ko daidaitattun injuna na ƙasa, kuma ba za su iya da gaske yin nuni da ƙarfin jujjuyawar mitar ba. Don haka, lokacin zabar mai sauya mitar, ƙa'idar da aka ƙididdigewa na injin ɗin da bai wuce na mitar da aka ƙididdige shi ba ya kamata a ɗauke shi azaman abin tunani. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin zabar mai sauya mita, ya kamata mutum ya fahimci yanayin tsari da sigogi masu dacewa na motar, kuma kula da nau'in da halayen aiki na motar.
(1) Zaɓin ƙimar halin yanzu don mai sauya mitar. Dangane da ƙayyadaddun ƙirar ƙira, don tabbatar da aminci da amincin aiki na mai sauya mitar, ƙimar halin yanzu na mai sauya mitar dole ne ya zama mafi girma fiye da ƙimar halin yanzu na kaya (motar), musamman ga injina tare da canza halayen kaya akai-akai. Dangane da gwaninta, ƙimar halin yanzu na mai sauya mitar ya fi sau 1.05 ƙimar halin yanzu na injin.
(2) Zaɓin ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don masu sauya mitar. An zaɓi madaidaicin ƙarfin lantarki na mai sauya mitar bisa la'akari da ƙarfin shigar da motar bas na mai sauya mitar. A ka'ida, ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki na mai sauya mitar yakamata ya kasance daidai da ƙarfin shigarwar. Idan ƙarfin shigarwar ya yi yawa, mai sauya mitar [3] zai lalace.
2. Tsare-tsare don zaɓar masu sauya mitar ƙarancin wuta
(1) Daidaita nau'in kaya tare da mai sauya mitar.
Nauyin masana'antar petrochemical ya ƙunshi famfo da fanfo. Ana rarraba famfo zuwa famfo na ruwa, famfo mai, famfo mai ƙari, famfo mai ƙididdigewa, famfo mai ɗagawa, famfo mai hadawa, da famfunan wanka. Daga cikin su, fanfunan ɗagawa, haɗa famfo, da famfunan wanke-wanke galibi suna da nauyi, yayin da sauran kayan aiki ne na al’ada. Fans sun kasu kashi iska-sanyi magoya, tukunyar jirgi jawo daftarin magoya, axial magoya, iska compressors, da dai sauransu Lokacin da iska sanyaya fan da tukunyar jirgi jawo daftarin fan da aka fara, su duka biyu nauyi lodi, kullum dauke nauyi lodi, da sauran su ne na al'ada lodi. Lokacin zabar mai sauya mitar, zaɓin ya kamata ya dogara ne akan kaddarorin kaya. Idan nau'in kaya ba shi da tabbas ko yana iya canzawa a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban, ana ba da shawarar zaɓin mai jujjuya mitar bisa nauyi mai nauyi don guje wa zaɓin rashin daidaituwa.
(2) Yanayin muhalli yana shafar mai sauya mitar.
Yawancin lokaci, masu sauya mitar suna buƙatar ƙarin yanayin zafi da zafi. Lokacin da yanayin yanayi ya kasance ƙasa da digiri 30 na ma'aunin celcius, ƙarancin dangi yana ƙasa da 80%, kuma tsayin ya kasance ƙasa da mita 100, mai sauya mitar yana aiki lafiya a halin yanzu; Idan yanayin zafin jiki ya wuce 40 ℃, ainihin iya aiki da na yanzu na mai sauya mitar zai ragu a hankali tare da karuwar zafin yanayi. Idan dangi zafi na mahalli ya wuce 90%, na'urar na iya faruwa, haifar da gajerun da'irori a cikin abubuwan ciki na mai sauya mitar. Idan tsayin ya wuce mita 100, ƙarfin fitarwa na mai sauya mitar zai ragu. Bugu da kari, ya kamata a guji amfani da masu sauya mitoci daga amfani da su a cikin mahalli masu kura.
(3) Zaɓin abubuwan da aka zaɓa don masu sauya mitar.
Zaɓin zaɓi na zaɓi na zaɓi don masu sauya mitar mita ba daidai ba na iya haifar da ƙimar gazawa mai yawa, galibi an mai da hankali kan zaɓin masu tacewa da reactors.
3. Practical aikace-aikace na low-ƙarfin wutar lantarki Converter
1. Haɗin farko na mai jujjuya mitar ƙaramar wuta
Saboda gagarumin tasiri na shigarwa matsayi na contactors, filters, da reactors a cikin farko da'irar a kan mitar Converter, wadannan za su mayar da hankali a kan nazarin wadannan uku na'urorin.
(1) Mai tuntuba
Akwai manyan hanyoyin haɗin kai guda biyu don masu tuntuɓa: shigarwa a gefen baya na jikin inverter da shigarwa a gefen gaba na jikin inverter. An shigar da mai tuntuɓar a bayan jikin inverter, kuma fa'idar ita ce inverter ba ta da tasiri akai-akai lokacin da aka fara kunna motar akai-akai. Rashin lahani shine lokacin cajin mai sauya mitar yana da tsayi kuma akwai asarar wuta. An shigar da lambar sadarwa a gefen gaba na jikin inverter kuma yana da amfani na yanke wuta gaba ɗaya lokacin da motar ke cikin yanayin jiran aiki ba tare da rasa iko ba. Rashin lahani shine yawan farawa da motar zai haifar da caji akai-akai ga mai sauya mitar, yana shafar rayuwar sabis na abubuwan haɗin mitar.
A taƙaice, idan da mota fara sau da yawa, da contactor za a iya shigar a gaba da kuma raya bangarorin na inverter jiki, amma shi ne mafi dace da za a shigar a kan raya gefe na inverter jiki. Idan motar tana farawa akai-akai, ana bada shawarar shigar da contactor a gefen baya na jikin inverter.
(2) Tace
Ana amfani da filtar shigarwa galibi don tace grid ɗin wutar lantarki, danne tasirin daidaitawar wutar lantarki akan mitar wutar lantarki, da kuma danne daidaitawar da aka samu ta hanyar gyara mai sauya mitar daga dawowa zuwa wutar lantarki; Fitar da fitarwa galibi tana haɓaka mai sauya mitar, tana tace jituwa, kuma yana sa fiɗar igiyoyin fitarwa ya zama sinusoidal.
(3) Reactor
Reactor na shigarwa na iya kashe jituwa a gefen grid kuma ya kare gadar gyara; Lokacin da kebul na fitarwa na mai sauya mitar ya wuce ƙayyadaddun tsayin da aka ƙayyade (gaba ɗaya yana ba da damar tsayin kebul na 250m), ya kamata a zaɓi reactor mai fitarwa.
2. Yanayin shigarwa don ƙananan mitar wutar lantarki
Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa gazawar masu sauya mitoci na karuwa sosai a cikin mahalli masu tsauri, musamman idan ana kula da yanayin zafi, zafi, da ƙura. Sabili da haka, lokacin zabar yanayin shigarwa, ya zama dole don zaɓar yanayi tare da zafin jiki mai sarrafawa, zafi, da ƙananan ƙura.
(1) Yanayin yanayi
A cikin amfani mai amfani, an gano cewa masu sauya mitar sun dace da aiki a cikin mahalli da yanayin zafi ƙasa da digiri 35 ma'aunin celcius, in ba haka ba mafi girman zafin jiki, ƙananan ƙarfin lodi na mai sauya mitar.
(2) Yanayin muhalli
Lokacin da zafi da ke kewaye da shi ya yi girma, mai jujjuyawar yana da saurin ƙuƙuwa a ciki, wanda zai iya haifar da gajeriyar haɗari. Don haka, dole ne mu sarrafa yanayin zafi don mai sauya mitar.
(3) Muhallin kura
Yakamata a yi amfani da masu jujjuya mitoci a cikin mahalli mai ƙura gwargwadon yiwuwa, saboda tarawar ƙura na iya haifar da gajeriyar kewayawa da lalata kayan lantarki na mai sauya mitar.
4. Common kurakurai da kuma mafita na low-ƙarfin wutar lantarki converters
1. Rashin farawa
Dalili: Yana faruwa ne ta hanyar jujjuyawar juye-juye ko jujjuyawar kaya.
Magani: Ƙara mitar farawa da jujjuya yadda ya kamata, kuma duba saitunan kariya.
2. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki
Dalili: Sakamakon babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki ko ɗan gajeren lokacin saukarwa.
Magani: Bincika idan yanayin gudu ya saba.
3. Yawan lodi
Dalili: Ƙarfin ɗorawa na ƙananan inverter ba shi da inganci ko kuma saitunan siginar motar ba su da ma'ana.
Magani: Bincika da'irar ganowar ciki na yanzu da saitunan siga na mai sauya mitar.