Masu samar da kayan ceton makamashi suna tunatar da ku cewa a cikin samar da sarrafa kansa na masana'antu, makamashin injin (mai yuwuwar kuzari, kuzarin motsa jiki) akan nauyin motsi yana canzawa zuwa makamashin lantarki (sake sabunta makamashin lantarki) ta hanyar na'urar amsa makamashi kuma a mayar da shi zuwa grid ɗin wutar AC don amfani da sauran kayan lantarki da ke kusa, ta yadda tsarin tuƙin mota zai iya rage yawan amfani da grid makamashin lantarki a kowane lokaci naúrar, ta haka ne don cimma burin samar da makamashi.
Tun da farko, babban da'irar na'urorin amsa makamashi galibi sun ƙunshi thyristors da IGBTs. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wasu sabbin na'urori masu amsa kuzari sun kuma yi amfani da na'urori masu hankali kamar IPM don sauƙaƙe tsarin tsarin na'urorin amsa makamashi.
(1) Na'urar amsa makamashin Thyristor:
Babban da'irar amsa makamashi ta ƙunshi na'urorin thyristor, waɗanda suma na'urorin amsa makamashi ne da wuri. Ba a yi amfani da su kawai a cikin masu sauya mitar ba, har ma a cikin birki na wasu tsarin sarrafa saurin jujjuyawar DC.
① Yanayin aiki na gaba na mai jujjuya mitar duniya: Lokacin da motar ta kasance cikin yanayin lantarki, mai gyara na'urar na'urar tana aiki, yayin da na'urar thyristor a cikin na'urar amsawar makamashi ba ta kunna ba kuma tana cikin yanayin yanke, kuma mai gyara yana aiki a gaba. Sashin inverter mai sarrafawa na inverter yana haifar da aiki, sashin gyara juzu'in da ba a iya sarrafa shi yana cikin yanayin yankewa, kuma mai jujjuyawar yana kan aiki gaba.
② Juya yanayin aiki na mai jujjuya mitar duniya: Lokacin da motar ke cikin yanayin ƙirƙira, mai gyara na'ura mai canzawa yana cikin yanayin yankewa, kuma na'urorin thyristor a cikin na'urar amsa kuzari suna haifar da aiki. Sashin inverter mai sarrafawa na inverter har yanzu yana haifar da yin aiki, ɓangaren gyara juyi wanda ba a iya sarrafa shi yana cikin yanayin aiki, kuma mai juyawa yana aiki a baya.
(2) IGBT na'urar amsa makamashi:
Babban da'irar amsawar makamashi ta ƙunshi na'urorin IGBT, waɗanda aka fi amfani da su a cikin masu canza mitar gabaɗaya. Ba za a iya amfani da diode mai ƙayatarwa da aka haɗa tare da na'urorin IGBT azaman na'urar gyara ba saboda iyakancewar diode keɓewa da aka haɗa zuwa gefen DC. Ya kamata farashinsa ya fi na na'urorin amsa makamashin thyristor.
① Yanayin aiki na gaba na mai jujjuya mitar duniya: Lokacin da motar ke cikin yanayin lantarki, mai gyara na'urar mai canzawa yana aiki, yayin da na'urar IGBT a cikin na'urar amsawar makamashi ba ta kunna ba kuma tana cikin yanayin yankewa, kuma mai gyara yana aiki a gaba. Na'urorin IGBT a cikin inverter suna haifar da yin aiki, kuma sashin gyaran juzu'in da ba a sarrafa shi yana cikin yanayin yankewa, yayin da inverter ke ci gaba da aiki.
② Juya yanayin aiki na mai jujjuya mitar duniya: Lokacin da motar ke cikin yanayin ƙirƙira, mai gyara mai sauya mitar yana cikin yanayin yankewa, kuma na'urar IGBT a cikin na'urar amsawar kuzari ta kunna aiki. Na'urorin IGBT a cikin inverter har yanzu suna haifar da yin aiki, kuma sashin gyaran juzu'i mara sarrafawa yana aiki, yana haifar da inverter yayi aiki a baya.