Masu samar da kayan aikin mai sauya mitar suna tunatar da ku cewa bisa ga ainihin ka'idodin electromagnetics, tsangwama na lantarki (EMI) dole ne ya sami abubuwa uku: tushen kutse na lantarki, hanyar kutse ta lantarki, da tsarin kula da kutsewar lantarki. Don hana tsangwama, ana iya amfani da katsalandan na hardware da software anti-tsangwama. Daga cikin su, hardware anti-tsangwama ne mafi asali da kuma muhimmanci anti-tsangwama ma'auni ga aikace-aikace tsarin. Gabaɗaya, ana danne shisshigi daga bangarori biyu: hana tsangwama da rigakafi. Ka'ida ta gabaɗaya ita ce murkushewa da kawar da tushen tsangwama, yanke hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa na tsoma baki ga tsarin, da rage hankalin siginar tsangwama na tsarin. Takamaiman matakan injiniya na iya haɗawa da keɓewa, tacewa, garkuwa, ƙasa, da sauran hanyoyin.
1. Abin da ake kira keɓewar tsangwama yana nufin keɓance tushen tsangwama daga sassa masu rauni na kewaye, don kada su sami haɗin lantarki. A cikin tsarin watsa saurin saurin mitar mai canzawa, ana amfani da na'urori masu rarrabawa akan layukan wutar lantarki tsakanin na'urorin wutar lantarki da na'urorin ƙarawa don hana tsangwama da aka gudanar. Ana iya amfani da na'urorin keɓewar amo don keɓewar wutar lantarki.
2. Manufar kafa filtata a cikin tsarin tsarin shine don kashe siginar tsangwama da ake yadawa daga mai sauya mitar ta hanyar wutar lantarki zuwa wutar lantarki daga motar. Don rage amo da asara na lantarki, ana iya shigar da matatar fitarwa a gefen fitarwa na mai sauya mitar; Don rage tsangwama na wutar lantarki, ana iya shigar da matatar shigarwa a gefen shigarwa na mai sauya mitar. Idan akwai na'urorin lantarki masu mahimmanci a cikin da'irar, ana iya shigar da tace amo na wuta akan layin wutar don hana tsangwama da aka gudanar. A cikin da'irar shigarwa da fitarwa na mai sauya mitar, baya ga ƙananan abubuwan haɗin kai da aka ambata a sama, akwai kuma maɗaukakin maɗaukakin igiyoyin jituwa masu yawa waɗanda za su yada kuzarinsu ta hanyoyi daban-daban, suna samar da sigina na tsoma baki zuwa wasu na'urori. Tace sune manyan hanyoyin da ake amfani da su don rage yawan abubuwan haɗin kai. Dangane da wuraren amfani daban-daban, ana iya raba shi zuwa:
(1) Yawanci akwai nau'ikan matatun shigarwa iri biyu:
a、 Layin tacewa galibi sun ƙunshi coils inductive. Yana raunana mafi girman igiyoyin jituwa ta hanyar haɓaka da'irar da'ira a manyan mitoci.
b, Radiation filters yawanci sun ƙunshi capacitors masu ƙarfi. Zai ɗauki manyan abubuwan jituwa masu ƙarfi tare da haske mai haske.
(2) Fitar fitarwa kuma tana kunshe da coils inductive. Yana iya yin rauni yadda ya kamata na babban tsari na jituwa a cikin fitarwa na halin yanzu. Ba wai kawai yana da tasirin hana tsangwama ba, amma kuma yana iya raunana ƙarin jujjuyawar da ke haifar da manyan igiyoyin jituwa a cikin motar. Don matakan hana tsangwama a ƙarshen fitarwa na mai sauya mitar, dole ne a lura da waɗannan abubuwan:
a, Ba a yarda da tashar fitarwa ta mai sauya mitar da za a haɗa ta da capacitor, don gujewa haifar da babban cajin caji (ko fitarwa) na yanzu a lokacin da aka kunna bututun inverter (kashe), wanda zai iya lalata bututun inverter;
b、 Lokacin da fitarwa tace ya ƙunshi wani LC kewaye, gefen tace da aka haɗa zuwa capacitor dole ne a haɗa zuwa gefen mota.
3. Garkuwa tushen tsangwama ita ce hanya mafi inganci don murkushe tsangwama. Yawancin lokaci, mai jujjuya mitar kanta yana da kariya da harsashi na ƙarfe don hana ɓarna tsangwama na lantarki; Zai fi kyau a kare layin fitarwa tare da bututun ƙarfe, musamman lokacin sarrafa mai sauya mitar tare da sigina na waje. Layin siginar ya kamata ya zama gajere kamar yadda zai yiwu (gaba ɗaya a cikin 20m), kuma layin siginar ya kamata a kiyaye shi tare da muryoyi biyu kuma a ware gaba ɗaya daga babban layin wutar lantarki (AC380V) da layin sarrafawa (AC220V). Ba dole ba ne a sanya shi a cikin bututu ɗaya ko akwati ɗaya, kuma ya kamata a kiyaye layin kayan aikin lantarki da ke kewaye. Don tabbatar da kariya mai tasiri, murfin garkuwar dole ne a dogara da ƙasa.
4. Ƙarƙashin ƙasa mai kyau zai iya hana tsangwama na waje a cikin tsarin da kuma rage tsangwama na kayan aiki da kanta zuwa duniyar waje. A cikin tsarin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen aiki, haɗin rikice-rikice na tsarin wutar lantarki mai tsaka-tsaki (layin tsaka-tsaki), layin ƙasa (ƙasa mai kariya, tsarin ƙasa), da tsarin tsarin tsarin garkuwar ƙasa (samun kariya na siginar siginar da babban shingen shinge na kewaye) yana rage kwanciyar hankali da amincin tsarin.
Don masu canza mitar, daidaitaccen ƙasa na manyan tashoshi na kewaye PE (E, G) hanya ce mai mahimmanci don haɓaka ƙarfin hana amo na mai sauya mitar da rage tsangwama. Don haka, dole ne a ba shi ƙima sosai a aikace-aikace masu amfani. Yankin giciye na ƙasan waya na mai sauya mitar kada gaba ɗaya ya zama ƙasa da 2.5mm2, kuma tsayin ya kamata a sarrafa cikin 20m. Ana ba da shawarar cewa a raba ƙasan mai sauya mitar daga wuraren da aka kafa na sauran kayan wuta ba a raba su ba.
5. Amfani da reactors
Matsakaicin ƙananan abubuwan haɗin kai (5th masu jituwa, jituwa na 7, jituwa na 11, jituwa na 13, da sauransu) a cikin shigar da halin yanzu na mai sauya mitar yana da girma sosai. Baya ga yuwuwar tsoma baki tare da aiki na yau da kullun na sauran kayan aiki, suna kuma cinye babban adadin ƙarfin amsawa, suna rage ƙarfin wutar lantarki da yawa. Saka reactor a jeri a cikin da'irar shigarwa hanya ce mai inganci don murkushe ƙananan igiyoyin jituwa. Dangane da matsayin wayoyi daban-daban, akwai galibi iri biyu:
(1) An haɗa reactor a jeri tsakanin wutar lantarki da ɓangaren shigarwa na mai sauya mitar. Babban ayyukansa sun haɗa da:
a, Ta hanyar murkushe igiyoyin jituwa, ana ƙara yawan ƙarfin wutar lantarki zuwa (0.75-0.85);
b、 Rauni tasiri na karuwa a halin yanzu a cikin da'irar shigarwa akan mai sauya mitar;
c, Rauni tasirin rashin daidaituwar wutar lantarki.
(2) An haɗa wutar lantarki ta DC a cikin jerin tsakanin gada mai gyarawa da capacitor mai tacewa. Ayyukansa yana da sauƙin sauƙi, wanda shine raunana manyan abubuwan haɗin kai a cikin shigar da halin yanzu. Amma ya fi tasiri fiye da AC reactors a inganta ikon factor, kai 0.95, kuma yana da abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin sauki tsari da kananan size.
6. Waya mai ma'ana
Don alamun tsangwama da aka yada ta hanyar shigar da su, ana iya raunana su ta hanyar wayoyi masu dacewa. Hanyoyi na musamman sun haɗa da:
(1) Ya kamata a nisantar da wutar lantarki da layin siginar kayan aiki daga shigar da layukan fitarwa na mai sauya mitar;
(2) Layin wutar lantarki da siginar wasu na'urori yakamata su guji zama daidai da layukan shigarwa da fitarwa na mai sauya mitar;