Mai samar da na'ura mai jujjuya birki na mitar yana tunatar da ku cewa a cikin samar da masana'antu, don haɓaka tasirin ceton makamashi da rage asarar makamashi yayin aikin birki, Hakanan ya zama dole a dawo da kuzarin ragewa da mayar da martani ga grid ɗin wutar lantarki don cimma tasirin ceton makamashi. A halin yanzu, yayin da yankuna daban-daban na kasar Sin ke fama da karancin wutar lantarki, sakamakon saurin bunkasuwar tattalin arziki, inganta da yin birki a kai na da muhimmiyar ma'ana ta ceton makamashi. Don haka, haɓaka bincike da samar da samfuran da ke da alaƙa cikin gida yana da ma'ana mai mahimmanci.
A halin yanzu, ana amfani da birki mai sauƙi na amfani da makamashi a cikin tsarin sarrafa saurin mitar AC, waɗanda ke da lahani kamar ɓata makamashin lantarki, dumama juriya, da rashin aikin birki cikin sauri. Lokacin da injinan asynchronous sukan birki akai-akai, yin amfani da birki na martani hanya ce mai matukar tasiri ta ceton kuzari kuma tana guje wa lalacewa ga muhalli da kayan aiki yayin birki. An samu sakamako mai gamsarwa a masana'antu kamar na'urorin lantarki da hakar mai. Tare da ci gaba da fitowar sabbin na'urorin lantarki na wutar lantarki, haɓaka ƙimar farashi, da wayar da kan mutane game da kiyaye makamashi da rage yawan amfani, akwai fa'idodin aikace-aikace iri-iri.
Na'urar amsa birki ta makamashi ta dace musamman ga yanayi inda ƙarfin motar yake da girma, kamar girma ko daidai da 100kw, lokacin inertia gd2 na kayan aiki yana da girma, kuma yana cikin tsarin ci gaba na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Rage raguwa daga babban gudu zuwa ƙananan gudu yana da girma, lokacin birki ya yi takaice, kuma ana buƙatar birki mai ƙarfi. Don inganta tasirin ceton makamashi da rage asarar makamashi yayin aikin birki, kuma ya zama dole a dawo da makamashin ragewa da mayar da martani ga grid ɗin wutar lantarki don cimma tasirin ceton makamashi.
Ka'idar birki ta amsa
A cikin tsarin daidaita saurin mitar mitar, ana samun raguwa da tsayawar motar ta hanyar rage mitar a hankali. A lokacin da mitar ta ragu, saurin motsin motar yana raguwa daidai da haka. Duk da haka, saboda inertia na inji, ƙarfin juyi na motar ya kasance ba canzawa ba, kuma canjin saurinsa yana da ɗan lokaci kaɗan. A wannan lokacin, ainihin gudun zai zama mafi girma fiye da gudun da aka bayar, wanda zai haifar da yanayi inda ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya e na motar ya fi ƙarfin DC terminal u na mai sauya mitar, wato, e>u. A wannan lokacin, injin lantarki ya zama janareta, wanda ba wai kawai yana buƙatar samar da wutar lantarki daga grid ba, amma yana iya aika wutar lantarki zuwa grid. Wannan ba kawai yana da tasiri mai kyau na birki ba, har ma yana canza makamashin motsa jiki zuwa makamashin lantarki, wanda za'a iya aika shi zuwa grid don dawo da makamashi, ya kashe tsuntsaye biyu da dutse daya. Tabbas, dole ne a sami na'ura mai ba da amsa makamashi don sarrafawa ta atomatik don cimma shi, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin zane-zane a cikin hoto na 1. Bugu da ƙari, da'irar amsawar makamashi ya kamata kuma ta haɗa da AC da DC reactors, juriya capacitance absorbers, lantarki switches, da dai sauransu.
Ƙa'ida da halayen mitar amsa birki
Hoto 1 Tsarin tsari na da'irar amsa birki mai jujjuyawa
Kamar yadda aka sani, da'irar gyara gada na masu jujjuya mitoci na gabaɗaya ba shi da iko a cikin matakai uku, don haka ba zai iya cimma canjin makamashi na bidirectional tsakanin da'irar DC da wutar lantarki ba. Hanyar da ta fi dacewa don magance wannan matsala ita ce amfani da fasahar inverter mai aiki, kuma sashin gyarawa yana ɗaukar mai gyara mai juyawa, wanda kuma aka sani da grid side Converter. Ta hanyar sarrafa injin inverter na gefen grid, wutar lantarki da aka sabunta ana juyar da ita zuwa wutar AC tare da mitar, lokaci, da mita iri ɗaya kamar grid, kuma a mayar da shi zuwa grid don cimma birki. A baya can, raka'o'in inverter masu aiki galibi suna amfani da da'irori na thyristor, waɗanda kawai za su iya yin aikin amsawa cikin aminci a ƙarƙashin bargawar wutar lantarki wanda ba shi da lahani ga kurakurai (saurin wutar lantarki bai wuce 10%) ba. Irin wannan nau'in da'irar kawai za ta iya yin aikin mayar da martani na inverter a ƙarƙashin tsayayyen wutar lantarki wanda ba shi da lahani ga kuskure (tare da jujjuyawar wutar lantarki da ba ta wuce 10%) ba. Domin yayin aikin samar da wutar lantarki, idan lokacin birki na grid ya fi 2ms, gazawar motsi na iya faruwa kuma abubuwan haɗin zasu iya lalacewa. Bugu da ƙari, yayin sarrafawa mai zurfi, wannan hanyar tana da ƙarancin ƙarfin wutar lantarki, babban abun ciki mai jituwa, da jujjuyawar motsi, wanda zai haifar da ɓarna na grid ƙarfin wutar lantarki. A lokaci guda sarrafa rikitarwa da tsada mai tsada. Tare da aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen na'urori masu sarrafawa, mutane sun haɓaka masu canzawa masu jujjuyawa masu sarrafa chopper ta amfani da ikon PWM. Ta wannan hanyar, tsarin grid gefen inverter gaba ɗaya daidai yake da na mai juyawa, duka suna amfani da ikon PWM.
Daga binciken da aka yi a sama, ana iya ganin cewa don samun da gaske don cimma nasarar mayar da martani ga makamashin lantarki na inverter, mabuɗin shine sarrafa mai inverter gefen grid.
Halayen birki na martani
A taƙaice, ba za a iya kiran mai jujjuyawar gefen grid kawai a matsayin “mai gyara” ba saboda yana iya aiki azaman mai gyarawa da mai juyawa. Saboda amfani da na'urorin kashe kai, ana iya sarrafa girman da lokaci na AC halin yanzu ta hanyar yanayin PWM da ya dace, yin shigar da tsarin shigar da halin yanzu ya zama raƙuman ruwa da kuma tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin wutar lantarki na tsarin koyaushe yana gabatowa 1. Lokacin da wutar lantarki ta sake dawowa daga inverter ta hanyar birki na raguwar motar yana ƙara ƙarfin wutar lantarki na DC, lokaci na shigar da AC na yanzu zai iya samun nasarar sake dawo da wutar lantarki daga wutar lantarki ta sake dawowa daga wutar lantarki. za a iya mayar da shi zuwa grid na wutar lantarki na AC, yayin da tsarin zai iya kula da wutar lantarki na DC a ƙimar da aka ba. A wannan yanayin, grid gefen inverter yana aiki a cikin yanayin inverter mai aiki. Wannan yana sauƙaƙa don cimma kwararar wutar lantarki biyu kuma yana da saurin amsawa mai ƙarfi. A lokaci guda, wannan tsarin topology yana ba da damar tsarin cikakken sarrafa musayar amsawa da ƙarfin aiki tsakanin bangarorin AC da DC, tare da inganci har zuwa 97% da fa'idodin tattalin arziƙi. Asarar zafi shine kashi 1% na birkin amfani da makamashi, kuma baya gurɓata grid ɗin wuta. Matsakaicin wutar lantarki shine kusan 1, wanda ke da alaƙa da muhalli. Don haka, ana iya amfani da birki na amsa ko'ina don aikin ceton kuzari a cikin yanayin watsa birki na PWM AC, musamman a yanayin da ake buƙatar birki akai-akai. Ƙarfin motar lantarki kuma yana da girma, kuma tasirin ceton makamashi yana da mahimmanci. Dangane da yanayin aiki, matsakaicin tasirin ceton makamashi shine kusan 20% ko fiye.