A cikin masana'antar wutar lantarki da lantarki, ana amfani da masu sauya mitoci galibi don adana makamashi da haɓaka hanyoyin samarwa. A matsayin na'urorin ceton makamashi da saurin sarrafa motoci, ana amfani da su sosai a fannin ƙarfe, wutar lantarki, samar da ruwa, man fetur, sinadarai, kwal da sauran fannoni. Mahimmancin sashin amsawar makamashi na mai sauya mitar shine jujjuyawar aiki. Hanyar aiwatar da sashin martani na makamashi na mai jujjuya mitar gabaɗaya ita ce ciyar da makamashin da aka sabunta a cikin grid ta hanyar inverters masu juzu'i uku a madaidaicin gyara na matakin gaba na mai sauya mitar gabaɗaya. Babban da'irar naúrar martanin makamashi ya ƙunshi gada mai inverter wanda ya ƙunshi thyristors, IGBTs, na'urorin IPM, da wasu da'irori na gefe.
Ƙarshen fitarwa na gadar inverter an haɗa shi zuwa tashar shigarwar R, S, da T na mai sauya mitar ta hanyar injinan shaƙa guda uku, kuma ƙarshen shigarwar an haɗa shi da tabbataccen tashar tashar DC na mitar mitar duniya ta hanyar diode keɓewa don tabbatar da kwararar kuzarin unidirectional a cikin hanyar "grid mai jujjuya aiki mai aiki inverter gada". Ayyukan reactor choke shine daidaita bambancin wutar lantarki, iyakance halin yanzu, da tacewa, taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin martanin makamashi mai sabuntawa zuwa grid wuta.
Tsarin aiki na tsarin shine: lokacin da motar ke gudana, na'urar inverter mai aiki ba ta aiki ba, kuma bututun inverter sun toshe kuma a cikin yanayin kashewa; Lokacin da motar ta kasance a cikin yanayin samar da wutar lantarki, makamashi yana dawowa zuwa grid ta hanyar motar, kuma na'urar inverter mai aiki yana buƙatar fara aiki.
Kunna na'urar inverter mai aiki yayin amsawar kuzari ana sarrafa shi ta girman girman ƙarfin gefen DC Ud na mai sauya mitar. Tushen shine cewa lokacin da motar ke cikin yanayin lantarki, ƙarfin gefen DC na mai sauya mitar ya kasance koyaushe. Lokacin da motar ke cikin yanayin samar da birki, ƙarfin sake haɓakawa na motar AC yana cajin ƙarfin ajiyar makamashi a tsakiyar hanyar haɗin DC na mai sauya mitar, yana haifar da ƙarfin wutar motar DC ɗin ya tashi. Matukar an gano girman Ud, ana iya tantance yanayin motar, kuma ana iya sarrafa na'urar inverter mai aiki don samun amsawar kuzari.
Lokacin da aka mayar da makamashin zuwa gefen DC ta motar, yana haifar da wutar lantarki na DC bas ya wuce matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na layin wutar lantarki, gada mai gyara na mai sauya mitar duniya zai rufe saboda wutar lantarki ta baya; Lokacin da wutar lantarki ta DC bas ta ci gaba da tashi kuma ta zarce ƙarfin ƙarfin inverter mai aiki na farawa, mai inverter ya fara aiki, yana ciyar da makamashi zuwa grid daga gefen DC; Lokacin da wutar lantarki bas DC ta faɗi zuwa ƙarfin aiki na inverter, ana kashe inverter mai aiki.
Ta amfani da inverter mai aiki don mayar da martani ga makamashin da aka samar yayin raguwar motsi da birki zuwa grid ɗin wutar lantarki, mai jujjuya mitar duniya zai iya shawo kan ƙarancin inganci da wahala wajen biyan buƙatun buƙatun saurin birki da jujjuyawar gaba / juye-juye ta hanyar amfani da gargajiya na birki birki, yana barin mai jujjuya mitar duniya ya yi aiki cikin quadrants huɗu.
1) Tsarin kula da martani na makamashi
Cikakken tsarin kula da martani na makamashi ya kamata ya dace da yanayin sarrafawa na lokaci, ƙarfin lantarki, halin yanzu, da sauransu, wanda ke buƙatar tsarin amsawa dole ne a daidaita shi tare da tsarin grid, kuma na'urar inverter mai aiki yakamata a fara ne kawai lokacin da wutar lantarki ta DC bas ta wuce wani ƙima; Ya kamata tsarin ya sami ikon sarrafa girman martanin halin yanzu, ta haka yana sarrafa jujjuyawar birki na motar da samun daidaitaccen birki.
2) Nau'o'in nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan juzu'in mitar mitar duniya
Tun da farko, babban da'irar raka'o'in martanin makamashi galibi sun ƙunshi thyristors da IGBTs. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wasu sabbin nau'ikan raka'o'in ra'ayoyin makamashi kuma sun yi amfani da na'urori masu hankali kamar IPM don sauƙaƙe tsarin tsarin sassan ra'ayoyin makamashi.
(1) Ƙungiyar amsawar makamashi ta Thyristor:
Babban da'irar amsawar makamashi ta ƙunshi na'urorin thyristor, wanda kuma shine rukunin martanin makamashi na farko. Ana amfani da shi ba kawai a cikin masu sauya mitar ba, har ma a cikin birki na wasu tsarin sarrafa saurin jujjuyawar DC.
① Yanayin aiki na gaba na mai jujjuya mitar duniya: Lokacin da motar ke cikin yanayin lantarki, mai gyara na'ura mai canzawa yana aiki, yayin da na'urar thyristor a cikin sashin amsawar makamashi ba ta kunna ba kuma tana cikin yanayin yanke, kuma mai gyara yana aiki a gaba. Sashin inverter mai sarrafawa na inverter yana haifar da aiki, sashin gyara juzu'in da ba a iya sarrafa shi yana cikin yanayin yankewa, kuma mai jujjuyawar yana kan aiki gaba.
② Juya yanayin aiki na mai jujjuya mitar duniya: Lokacin da motar ke cikin yanayin ƙirƙira, mai gyara mai sauya mitar yana cikin yanayin yankewa, kuma na'urorin thyristor a cikin sashin amsawar kuzari suna haifar da aiki. Sashin inverter mai sarrafawa na inverter har yanzu yana haifar da yin aiki, ɓangaren gyara juyi wanda ba a iya sarrafa shi yana cikin yanayin aiki, kuma mai juyawa yana aiki a baya.
(2) Naúrar martanin makamashi na IGBT:
Babban da'irar amsawar makamashi ta ƙunshi na'urorin IGBT, waɗanda aka fi amfani da su a cikin masu canza mitar gabaɗaya. Ba za a iya amfani da diode mai ƙayatarwa da aka haɗa tare da na'urorin IGBT azaman na'urar gyara ba saboda iyakancewar diode keɓewa da aka haɗa zuwa gefen DC. Kudinsa yakamata ya zama sama da na rukunin martanin makamashi na thyristor.
① Yanayin aiki na gaba na mai jujjuya mita na duniya: Lokacin da motar ta kasance a cikin wutar lantarki, mai daidaitawa na mita yana aiki, yayin da na'urar IGBT a cikin sashin amsawar makamashi ba ta haifar da shi ba kuma yana cikin yanayin yankewa, kuma mai gyara yana aiki a gaba. Na'urorin IGBT a cikin inverter suna haifar da yin aiki, kuma sashin gyaran juzu'in da ba a sarrafa shi yana cikin yanayin yankewa, yayin da inverter ke ci gaba da aiki.
② Juya yanayin aiki na mai jujjuya mitar duniya: Lokacin da motar ke cikin yanayin ƙirƙira, mai gyara mai sauya mitar yana cikin yanayin yankewa, kuma na'urar IGBT a cikin sashin amsawar kuzari yana haifar da aiki. Na'urorin IGBT a cikin inverter har yanzu suna haifar da yin aiki, kuma sashin gyaran juzu'i mara sarrafawa yana aiki, yana haifar da inverter yayi aiki a baya.